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Multiple Rings in the Transitional Disk of GM Aurigae Revealed by VLA and ALMA

机译:VLA和ALMA揭示了GM Aurigae过渡盘中的多个环

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Our understanding of protoplanetary disks is rapidly departing from the classical view of a smooth, axisymmetric disk. This is in part thanks to the high angular resolution that (sub)millimeter observations can provide. Here, we present the combined results of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) (0.9 mm) and Very Large Array (VLA) (7 mm) dust continuum observations toward the protoplanetary disk around the solar analog GM Aur. Both images clearly resolve the ~35 au inner cavity. The ALMA observations also reveal a fainter disk that extends up to ~250 au. We model our observations using two approaches: an analytical fit to the observed deprojected visibilities, and a physical disk model that fits the spectral energy distribution as well as the VLA and ALMA observations. Despite not being evident in the deconvolved images, the VLA and ALMA visibilities can only be fitted with two bright rings of radii ~40 and ~80 au. Our physical model indicates that this morphology is the result of an accumulation or trapping of large dust grains, probably due to the presence of two pressure bumps in the disk. Even though alternative mechanisms cannot be discarded, the multiple rings suggest that forming planets may have cleared at least two gaps in the disk. Finally, our analysis suggests that the inner cavity might display different sizes at 0.9 and 7 mm. This discrepancy could be caused by the presence of free–free emission close to the star at 7 mm, or by a more compact accumulation of the large dust grains at the edge of the cavity.
机译:我们对原行星盘的理解迅速偏离了光滑轴对称盘的经典观点。部分原因是(亚)毫米观测值可以提供的高角度分辨率。在这里,我们向太阳模拟GM Aur周围的原行星盘介绍了Atacama大毫米/亚毫米阵列(ALMA)(0.9 mm)和超大型阵列(VLA)(7 mm)尘埃连续体观测结果的组合结果。这两张图清楚地分辨了〜35 au内部腔。 ALMA的观测还揭示了一个微弱的盘片,该盘片可延伸至约250 au。我们使用两种方法对观测值进行建模:对观测到的降低的可见性进行分析拟合,以及拟合光谱能量分布以及VLA和ALMA观测值的物理磁盘模型。尽管在反卷积图像中没有明显显示,但VLA和ALMA能见度只能装配两个半径约为40和80 au的明亮环。我们的物理模型表明,这种形态是大尘埃颗粒堆积或捕集的结果,可能是由于磁盘中存在两个压力颠簸所致。即使不能丢弃其他机制,但多个环表明正在形成的行星可能已经清除了磁盘中的至少两个间隙。最后,我们的分析表明,内腔在0.9和7毫米处可能显示出不同的大小。这种差异可能是由于在7毫米处靠近恒星的自由发射的存在,或者是由于较大尘埃颗粒在腔体边缘的更紧密堆积而引起的。

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