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Forming Gliese 876 through Smooth Disk Migration

机译:通过平滑磁盘迁移形成Gliese 876

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We run a suite of dissipative N-body simulations to determine which regions of phase space for smooth disk migration are consistent with the GJ876 system, an M-dwarf hosting three planets orbiting in a chaotic 4:2:1 Laplace resonance. We adopt adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) methods that are commonly used in hydrodynamical simulations to efficiently explore the parameter space defined by the semimajor axis and eccentricity damping timescales. We find that there is a large region of phase space that produces systems in the chaotic Laplace resonance and a smaller region consistent with the observed eccentricities and libration amplitudes for the resonant angles. Under the assumptions of Type I migration for the outer planet, we translate these damping timescales into constraints on the protoplanetary disk surface density and thickness. When we strongly (weakly) damp the eccentricities of the inner two Laplace planets, these timescales correspond to disk surface densities around ten thousand (a few hundred) grams per square centimeter and disk aspect ratios between 1% and 10%. Additionally, smooth migration produces systems with a range of chaotic timescales, from decades and centuries to upward of thousands of years. In agreement with previous studies, the less chaotic regions of phase space coincide with the system being in a low-energy double apsidal corotation resonance. Our detailed modeling of multiplanetary systems coupled with our AMR exploration method enhances our ability to map out the parameter space of planet formation models and is well suited to study other resonant chain systems such as Trappist-1, Kepler-60, and others.
机译:我们运行了一组耗散的N体模拟,以确定用于平滑磁盘迁移的相空间的哪些区域与GJ876系统一致,该系统是一个M-矮星,其中三个行星以4:2:1的拉普拉斯共振绕行。我们采用流体动力学模拟中常用的自适应网格细化(AMR)方法,以有效地探索由半长轴和偏心距阻尼时标定义的参数空间。我们发现有一个大的相空间区域在混沌拉普拉斯共振中产生系统,而一个较小的区域则与观察到的偏心率和共振角的释放幅度一致。在外行星类型I迁移的假设下,我们将这些阻尼时标转化为对原行星盘表面密度和厚度的约束。当我们强烈(弱)衰减两个拉普拉斯内部行星的偏心率时,这些时间刻度对应于大约每平方厘米一万(几百)克的磁盘表面密度,磁盘纵横比在1%到10%之间。此外,平稳的迁移会产生具有数十年到数百年乃至数千年的一系列混乱时间尺度的系统。与先前的研究相一致,相空间的混沌区域较少,与该系统处于低能量的双原子同相旋转共振中。我们对多行星系统的详细建模,再加上AMR探索方法,增强了我们绘制行星形成模型参数空间的能力,非常适合研究其他共振链系统,例如Trappist-1,Kepler-60等。

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