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Sample Size Requirements for Vehicle's Speed Data Collection Using Global Positioning System

机译：使用全球定位系统收集车辆速度数据的样本量要求

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In recent years, Global Positioning System (GPS) device is widely used for collecting speed, position, travel time and delay data of various vehicle types. GPS device is capable of recording speed data at sub-second accuracy and position data to sub-meter accuracy. In order to have appropriate results, it is necessary to have sample size more than the minimum requirements for various vehicles types. With advent of GPS technology and its widespread use for traffic data collection, it is required to examine sample sizes recommended by Institute of Transportation Engineer's Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies and reported in literature by various other researchers.Reported sample size depends, either on standard deviation of maximum speed attained by vehicle or on speed range of vehicle. These two parameters change with speeding and accelerating capability of vehicle and hence change with vehicle type. This study aims at estimating sample size requirements for GPS speed data of various vehicles types (such as truck, car, motorized three and two wheeler, etc.) plying on Indian roads using various methods reported in literature.In acceleration/deceleration related studies at intersection or at control section where vehicles’ speed varies from zero to maximum (or otherwise), use of standard deviation of running speed (as specified in ITE Manual) or standard deviation of range of speed (Quiroga3) may not be appropriate to determine the sample size for GPS experiments. In such cases, use of standard deviation of free flow speed of test runs are more useful, (Li, S. et al., 2002). Since the standard deviation of free flow speed of vehicles varies with vehicle type (among other factors), the sample size requirements differ with the vehicle type.Experiments are conducted on truck, motorized three wheeler and two wheeler and car for evaluating their sample size requirements using GPS device. Sample size is evaluated on the basis of 5 test runs conducted initially for these vehicle types. Number of initial test runs were decided on the basis of comparison of tα/2 values with Zα/2values. It is found that after 4 test runs, tα/2and Zα/2are equal at 95% level of confidence (Li, S. et al., 2002). Various methods (ITE Manual, 2000, Quiroga, 1998 and Li, S. et al., 2002) are used to decide sample size requirements of different vehicle types. It indicates that ITE manual2method underestimates the sample size as compared to Quiroga's hybrid method and Li, S.’s modified method. It is also found that Li, S.’s method is best suited to estimate sample size requirement of different vehicle types.
机译：近年来，全球定位系统（GPS）设备被广泛用于收集各种车辆类型的速度，位置，行驶时间和延迟数据。 GPS设备能够以亚秒级精度记录速度数据，并以亚米级精度记录位置数据。为了获得适当的结果，样本量必须大于各种车辆类型的最低要求。随着GPS技术的出现及其在交通数据收集中的广泛应用，需要检查交通运输工程师学会《运输工程研究手册》建议的样本量，并由其他研究人员在文献中进行报告。报告的样本量取决于标准偏差车辆达到的最大速度或在车辆的速度范围内。这两个参数随车辆的加速和加速能力而变化，因此随车辆类型而变化。这项研究旨在使用文献中报道的各种方法来估算在印度道路上行驶的各种车辆类型（例如卡车，汽车，机动三轮和两轮车等）的GPS速度数据的样本大小要求。确定车辆速度从零到最大（或其他速度）变化的十字路口或控制区域，使用行驶速度的标准偏差（如ITE手册中指定）或速度范围的标准偏差（Quiroga3）可能不适合确定GPS实验的样本量。在这种情况下，使用测试运行的自由流动速度的标准偏差更为有用（Li，S。等，2002）。由于车辆自由流动速度的标准偏差会随车辆类型而变化（除其他因素外），因此样本量要求因车辆类型而异。在卡车，机动三轮车和两轮车和小汽车上进行了实验，以评估其样本量要求使用GPS设备。样本大小是根据最初针对这些车辆类型进行的5次测试而评估的。根据tα/ 2值与Zα/ 2值的比较确定初始测试的次数。结果发现，经过4次测试，tα/ 2和Zα/ 2的置信度为95％（Li，S. et al。，2002）。各种方法（ITE手册，2000; Quiroga，1998; Li，S。等，2002）用于确定不同类型车辆的样本量要求。这表明与Quiroga的混合方法和Li，S.的修改方法相比，ITE manual2方法低估了样本量。还发现Li，S.的方法最适合估算不同车型的样本量要求。

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