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An Analysis of Elementary School Students’ Difficulties in Mathematical Problem Solving

机译：小学生数学解题难度分析

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摘要

The main purpose of mathematics teaching is to enable students to solve problems in daily life. Unfortunately, according to the latest national test results, most students lack mathematical problem solving skills. This proves to be one of the reasons why overall achievement in mathematics is considered quite low. It also reflects that students have difficulties in comprehending mathematical problems affecting the process of problem-solving. Therefore, in order to allow teachers to establish a proper teaching plan suitable for students’ learning process, this research aims to analyze the difficulties in mathematical problem solving among elementary school students. Samples are divided into two groups, elementary school students and mathematics teachers. Data collection was conducted by structured interview, documentary analysis, and survey tests. Data analysis was conducted by descriptive statistics, and content analysis. The results suggest that there are several difficulties in problem solving, namely 1) Students have difficulties in understanding the keywords appearing in problems, thus cannot interpret them in mathematical sentences. 2) Students are unable to figure out what to assume and what information from the problem is necessary to solving it, 3) Whenever students do not understand the problem, they tend to guess the answer without any thinking process, 4) Students are impatient and do not like to read mathematical problems, and 5) Students do not like to read long problems. Therefore, the results found in this research will lead to the creation and the development of mathematical problem solving diagnostic tests for teachers, in order to improve students’ mathematical problem solving skills.
机译：数学教学的主要目的是使学生能够解决日常生活中的问题。不幸的是，根据最新的国家测试结果，大多数学生缺乏数学解决问题的能力。事实证明，这是为什么数学整体成绩被认为很低的原因之一。这也反映出学生难以理解影响问题解决过程的数学问题。因此，为了使教师能够制定适合学生学习过程的适当教学计划，本研究旨在分析小学生解决数学问题的困难。样本分为两组，小学生和数学老师。数据收集通过结构化访谈，文献分析和调查测试进行。通过描述性统计和内容分析进行数据分析。结果表明，解决问题存在很多困难，即：1）学生难以理解问题中出现的关键词，因此无法用数学句子解释它们。 2）学生无法弄清楚该怎么办，解决问题所需要的信息，3）每当学生不理解该问题时，他们往往会在没有任何思考过程的情况下猜测答案，4）学生不耐烦，不喜欢阅读数学题; 5）学生不喜欢阅读长期题。因此，本研究的结果将导致教师数学解决问题诊断测试的创建和发展，以提高学生的数学解决问题的能力。

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