Nanotechnology is a relatively newer field of science that is finding enormous scope in the dental & medical science. Use of endosseous dental implant surfaces having nano-scale topography is fast becoming part of modern implantology. The purpose of this review is to discuss and understand the role of nanoscale surface modification of titanium materials for the purpose of improving various phases of implantology including osseointegration. Nanotechnology equips bioengineers with newer ways of interacting with relevant biological processes. On the other hand, the field of nanotechnology provides means of understanding and achieving cell specific functions. An understanding of the role of nano-topography leads to the significant osseointegration modulations by nanoscale modification of the implants surface. Use of nanotechnology to modify the topography of titanium endosseous implant can drastically improve cellular and tissue responses that may benefit osseointegration and dental implant procedures.
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