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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research >An investigation of the Bacterial contamination of ultrasound equipments at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia
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An investigation of the Bacterial contamination of ultrasound equipments at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia

机译：沙特阿拉伯一家大学医院的超声设备细菌污染调查

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Objective: Nosocomial infections present a widespread problem in today's healthcare environment, with a significant number of patients acquiring an infection annually. With the contemporary transition of immunocompromised and high-risk patients to community-based care, ultrasound has the potential to be a vector of infection in the Radiology setting. The purpose of the present study was to determine the degree of contamination on ultrasound equipment and gel after routine clinical use and to determine the effectiveness of three different methods of ultrasound probe cleaning for the prevention of nosocomial infections.methods: A total of 444 culture swabs from different parts of the three ultrasound machines and from the gels were taken. All samples were tested in a microbiology laboratory at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using different culture media. The isolates were identified by using standard techniques. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique on Muller-Hinton agar and commercial antibiotic discs were used for antimicrobial testing. In addition to this, MIC was performed for all isolates according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) interpretative criteria. Results: The majority of organisms which are found in normal skin and environmental flora were isolated from different parts of the ultrasound machines. The gels were heavily contaminated with opportunistic and potentially pathogenic organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. No multi-resistant organisms were identified. There was a significant reduction in the bacterial count after applying either of all the three cleaning methods for the ultrasound probe as compared to the count on the probes before cleaning (p<0.001). However, the soap cleaning method was the most effective one in decreasing the bacterial count to the minimum level in comparison to other two methods (p<0.001). The overall reduction in the pathogenic bacterial count after performing each cleaning method was 46%, 75% and 97% for the paper cleaning, the normal saline and the soap cleaning methods, respectively.Conclusion: The non-invasive ultrasound equipment is a potential vector for nosocomial infection in Radiology patients. Cleaning the ultrasound probe after performing each procedure is a cost-effective practice with a potential for reducing nosocomial infections. The soap cleaning technique is the most effective method for reducing the bacterial count which is acquired due to the patients? body contact with the ultrasound probes. Further research into the possible strategies to reduce the risk of infection from the ultrasound gels is needed.
机译：目的：医院感染是当今医疗环境中普遍存在的问题，每年都有大量患者感染。随着当代免疫功能低下和高风险患者向社区护理的转变，超声在放射学领域有可能成为感染的媒介。本研究的目的是确定常规临床使用后超声设备和凝胶上的污染程度，并确定三种不同的超声探头清洁方法对预防医院感染的有效性。方法：总共444个培养棉签从三个超声波机器的不同部分以及从凝胶中取出。所有样本均在沙特阿拉伯利雅得国王哈立德大学医院的微生物实验室中使用不同的培养基进行了测试。通过使用标准技术鉴定分离物。使用Muller-Hinton琼脂上的Kirby-Bauer圆盘扩散技术，对所有分离株进行抗药性测试，并将商用抗生素圆盘用于抗微生物测试。除此之外，根据临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）的解释标准对所有分离株进行MIC。结果：在正常皮肤和环境菌群中发现的大多数生物是从超声仪的不同部位分离出来的。凝胶被金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌等机会性和潜在致病性生物严重污染。未鉴定出多抗性生物。与清洗前对探针的计数相比，对超声波探针采用三种清洗方法中的任一种清洗后，细菌数量均显着减少（p <0.001）。但是，与其他两种方法相比，肥皂清洁方法是将细菌数量减少到最低水平的最有效方法（p <0.001）。纸清洁，生理盐水清洁和肥皂清洁方法执行每种清洁方法后，致病菌总数分别减少了46％，75％和97％。结论：无创超声设备是放射科患者医院感染的潜在载体。在执行每个步骤之后清洗超声探头是一种经济有效的做法，具有减少医院感染的潜力。肥皂清洗技术是减少因患者而引起的细菌数最有效的方法吗？身体与超声探头接触。需要进一步研究降低超声凝胶感染风险的可能策略。

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