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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of bacteriology >Eubacteria show their true colors: genetics of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis from microbes to plants.
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Eubacteria show their true colors: genetics of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis from microbes to plants.

机译：真细菌显示出它们的本色：从微生物到植物的类胡萝卜素色素生物合成遗传学。

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The opportunities to understand eubacterial carotenoid biosynthesis and apply the lessons learned in this field to eukaryotes have improved dramatically in the last several years. On the other hand, many questions remain. Although the pigments illustrated in Fig. 2 represent only a small fraction of the carotenoids found in nature, the characterization of eubacterial genes required for their biosynthesis has not yet been completed. Identifying those eukaryotic carotenoid biosynthetic mutants, genes, and enzymes that have no eubacterial counterparts will also prove essential for a full description of the biochemical pathways (81). Eubacterial crt gene regulation has not been studied in detail, with the notable exceptions of M. xanthus and R. capsulatus (5, 33, 39, 45, 46, 84). Determination of the rate-limiting reaction(s) in carotenoid biosynthesis has thus far yielded species-specific results (12, 27, 47, 69), and the mechanisms of many of the biochemical conversions remain obscure. Predicted characteristics of some carotenoid biosynthesis gene products await confirmation by studying the purified proteins. Despite these challenges, (over)expression of eubacterial or eukaryotic carotenoid genes in heterologous hosts has already created exciting possibilities for the directed manipulation of carotenoid levels and content. Such efforts could, for example, enhance the nutritional value of crop plants or yield microbial production of novel and desirable pigments. In the future, the functional compatibility of enzymes from different organisms will form a central theme in the genetic engineering of carotenoid pigment biosynthetic pathways.
机译：在过去的几年中，了解真细菌类胡萝卜素生物合成并将该领域的经验教训应用于真核生物的机会大大增加了。另一方面，还有许多问题。尽管图2所示的颜料仅占自然界中类胡萝卜素的一小部分，但其生物合成所需的真细菌基因的表征尚未完成。鉴定那些没有真细菌对应物的真核类胡萝卜素生物合成突变体，基因和酶也将被证明对于生化途径的完整描述至关重要（81）。除黄腐支原体和荚膜支原体（5. 33，39，45，46，84）的显着例外外，尚未对真细菌的crt基因调控进行详细研究。迄今为止，确定类胡萝卜素生物合成中的限速反应已经产生了物种特异性的结果（12、27、47、69），许多生化转化的机理仍然不清楚。通过研究纯化的蛋白质，一些类胡萝卜素生物合成基因产物的预测特征等待确认。尽管存在这些挑战，异源宿主中（过量）真细菌或真核类胡萝卜素基因的表达已经为定向操纵类胡萝卜素的含量和含量创造了令人兴奋的可能性。这样的努力可以，例如，提高农作物的营养价值或产生新的和理想的颜料的微生物生产。将来，来自不同生物体的酶的功能相容性将成为类胡萝卜素色素生物合成途径基因工程的中心主题。

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