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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of bacteriology >Comprehensive Assessment of the Regulons Controlled by the FixLJ-FixK2-FixK1 Cascade in Bradyrhizobium japonicum
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Comprehensive Assessment of the Regulons Controlled by the FixLJ-FixK2-FixK1 Cascade in Bradyrhizobium japonicum

机译:日本血吸虫根瘤菌FixLJ-FixK2-FixK1级联控制的调节子的综合评估

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Symbiotic N2 fixation in Bradyrhizobium japonicum is controlled by a complex transcription factor network. Part of it is a hierarchically arranged cascade in which the two-component regulatory system FixLJ, in response to a moderate decrease in oxygen concentration, activates the fixK2 gene. The FixK2 protein then activates not only a number of genes essential for microoxic respiration in symbiosis (fixNOQP and fixGHIS) but also further regulatory genes (rpoN1, nnrR, and fixK1). The results of transcriptome analyses described here have led to a comprehensive and expanded definition of the FixJ, FixK2, and FixK1 regulons, which, respectively, consist of 26, 204, and 29 genes specifically regulated in microoxically grown cells. Most of these genes are subject to positive control. Particular attention was addressed to the FixK2-dependent genes, which included a bioinformatics search for putative FixK2 binding sites on DNA (FixK2 boxes). Using an in vitro transcription assay with RNA polymerase holoenzyme and purified FixK2 as the activator, we validated as direct targets eight new genes. Interestingly, the adjacent but divergently oriented fixK1 and cycS genes shared the same FixK2 box for the activation of transcription in both directions. This recognition site may also be a direct target for the FixK1 protein, because activation of the cycS promoter required an intact fixK1 gene and either microoxic or anoxic, denitrifying conditions. We present evidence that cycS codes for a c-type cytochrome which is important, but not essential, for nitrate respiration. Two other, unexpected results emerged from this study: (i) specifically FixK1 seemed to exert a negative control on genes that are normally activated by the N2 fixation-specific transcription factor NifA, and (ii) a larger number of genes are expressed in a FixK2-dependent manner in endosymbiotic bacteroids than in culture-grown cells, pointing to a possible symbiosis-specific control.
机译:日本蕨根瘤菌中的共生N 2 固定受复杂的转录因子网络控制。它的一部分是分层排列的级联,其中两组分调节系统FixLJ响应于氧气浓度的适度降低,激活了 fixK 2 基因。然后,FixK 2 蛋白不仅激活共生中微氧呼吸所必需的许多基因( fixNOQP fixGHIS ),而且还激活其他调控基因( rpoN 1 nnrR fixK 1 )。此处描述的转录组分析结果导致对FixJ,FixK 2 和FixK 1 规则的全面和扩展定义,分别由26、204个组成,以及在微氧生长的细胞中受到特殊调控的29个基因。这些基因大多数都处于阳性对照。特别关注了FixK 2 依赖性基因,该基因包括对DNA(FixK 2 框)上公认的FixK 2 结合位点的生物信息学搜索。 )。使用RNA聚合酶全酶和纯化的FixK 2 作为激活剂的体外转录测定,我们验证了8个新基因为直接靶标。有趣的是,相邻但方向不同的 fixK 1 cycS 基因共享相同的FixK 2 框来激活双向转录。该识别位点也可能是FixK 1 蛋白的直接靶标,因为 cycS 启动子的激活需要完整的 fixK 1 基因和微氧或缺氧反硝化条件。我们提供的证据表明, cycS 编码为 c 型细胞色素,这对于硝酸盐呼吸作用很重要但不是必需的。这项研究得出了另外两个出乎意料的结果:(i)特别是FixK 1 似乎对正常情况下由N 2 固定特异性转录激活的基因产生了负面控制。 (ii)与共培养的细胞相比,共生细菌内生菌以FixK 2 依赖的方式表达更多的基因,这表明可能存在共生特异性控制。

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