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Memory-based bias for target selection transfers across different response modalities

机译：基于内存的偏向性，用于目标选择在不同响应方式之间的转移

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摘要

Humans often select multiple objects in dynamic environments that require different modes of response (e.g., while driving, look at the clock, reach to the radio, etc.). Selection is biased towards recently attended target features; for example, participants respond to a unique red target faster if the previous target was also red (i.e., priming of popout). However, It is unknown whether the representation of this feature in memory is bound to a specific action, or whether a more broad representation of the feature alone, without a specific action association, biases selection. In a series of experiments, we examined this question by investigating the transfer of priming across different response modalities or even no overt response. In Experiment 1, cues instructed participants to respond to a uniquely colored target either by reaching to that target or by pressing a key based on the targeta??s properties. Repeating target color on consecutive trials reduced keyboard response time, initial reach latency, and reach curvature, even when the response mode switched from one trial to the next (e.g. from a keyboard response to a reach response). In Experiment 2, target color repetition benefits occurred even following "no-go" trials in which observers had to withhold a keyboard response. However, while initial latency of reach movements was speeded following "go" trials, "no-go" trials biased selection only at the later movement stage by reducing reach curvature. Furthermore, in both experiments, the magnitude of the repetition benefit was diminished when the response mode switched. Together, these studies lend new insight into how memory biases selection and action, suggesting the existence of a high-level mechanism that biases target selection towards previous targets regardless of the previous response modality. However, the previous action does influence the magnitude of color repetition benefits, suggesting that it is represented at some level.
机译：人们经常在动态环境中选择多个物体，这些物体需要不同的响应模式（例如，在开车时，看时钟，到达收音机等）。选择偏向于最近参加的目标功能;例如，如果先前的目标也为红色（即弹出菜单启动），则参与者对唯一的红色目标的反应会更快。但是，尚不知道此功能在内存中的表示是否绑定到特定的动作，或者在没有特定动作关联的情况下，仅该功能的更广泛表示是否会偏向选择。在一系列实验中，我们通过调查启动跨不同响应方式甚至没有明显响应的传递来检查了这个问题。在实验1中，线索指示参与者通过达到目标或通过基于目标的属性按下键来响应唯一着色的目标。即使在响应模式从一个试验切换到下一个试验时（例如从键盘响应切换到到达响应），在连续的试验中重复目标颜色也会减少键盘响应时间，初始到达延迟和到达曲率。在实验2中，即使在观察员不得不保留键盘响应的“不进行”试验之后，目标颜色重复的好处仍然出现。但是，尽管“ go-go”试验后伸手动作的初始潜伏期加快了，但“ no-go”试验仅通过减小伸直曲率而在运动的后期偏向选择。此外，在两个实验中，当响应模式切换时，重复收益的大小都减小了。总之，这些研究为记忆如何偏向选择和行动提供了新的见解，表明存在一种高级机制，可将目标选择偏向先前的目标，而与先前的反应方式无关。但是，先前的操作确实会影响色彩重复益处的大小，这表明它在某种程度上有所体现。

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