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Accessing a working memory representation delays updating that representation

机译：访问工作内存表示形式会延迟更新该表示形式

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Recent research into probabilistic models of mental representation have profited from requiring participants to give multiple responses on a given trial (Vul et al., 2009). This method assumes that accessing a mental representation leaves it intact for subsequent sampling. Here we tested the consequences of sampling (memory access) on the mental representation of an object's velocity. On each trial, observers saw an object move at a constant velocity and were instructed to continue mentally tracking the object's position as it moved behind a virtual occluder. Either one or three visual markers were posted at a range of distances (early, middle, late) along the length of the occluded path. Observers responded by pressing a key when the object was imagined to have reached each marker. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the velocity representation depends on whether previous responses were given. When three responses were given, the object's velocity was reliably underestimated (even on the first response), and the degree of underestimation increased with position. Velocity was also underestimated in the single-click condition, but the degree of underestimation did not increase as a function of position [the interaction between number-of-responses and position was highly reliable, F(2,30) = 10.779, p0.001]. In the three-response condition, the increase in underestimation with each response was amplified at higher speeds. A model with a single free parameter (a temporal delay to updating object position information when a response is given) accurately predicts the mean velocity estimate for the middle and late marker position at 3 different speeds (best fit temporal delay = 40 ms per response). These findings suggest that accessing a mental representation to generate a report briefly delays updating of that mental representation, and more generally that the architecture of working memory may prevent simultaneous reading and writing from memory.
机译：最近对心理表征概率模型的研究从要求参与者在给定的试验中做出多种反应中受益（Vul等，2009）。此方法假定访问心理表示形式后将其完整保存以进行后续采样。在这里，我们测试了采样（内存访问）对物体速度的心理表征的后果。在每次试验中，观察者都观察到物体以恒定的速度运动，并被指示继续从心理上跟踪物体在虚拟遮挡物后面移动时的位置。沿遮挡路径的长度在一定距离范围内（早，中，晚）张贴一个或三个视觉标记。当想象对象已到达每个标记时，观察者通过按一个键进行响应。结果表明，速度表示的准确性取决于是否给出了先前的响应。当给出三个响应时，对象的速度被可靠地低估了（即使在第一次响应时），低估的程度随位置而增加。在单击条件下，速度也被低估了，但是低估的程度并没有随位置的变化而增加[响应数与位置之间的相互作用是高度可靠的，F（2,30）= 10.779，p < 0.001]。在三响应条件下，每个响应的低估增加都以较高的速度放大。具有单个自由参数的模型（在给出响应时，用于更新对象位置信息的时间延迟）可以以3种不同的速度准确预测中晚期标记位置的平均速度估计值（最佳拟合时间延迟=每个响应40毫秒） 。这些发现表明，访问心理表示以生成报告会短暂地延迟该心理表示的更新，并且更普遍地说，工作内存的体系结构可能会阻止同时从内存中进行读写。

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