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首页> 外文期刊>Scientific reports. >Elite long jumpers with below the knee prostheses approach the board slower, but take-off more effectively than non-amputee athletes
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Elite long jumpers with below the knee prostheses approach the board slower, but take-off more effectively than non-amputee athletes

机译：膝盖以下假肢的优秀跳远运动员接近木板的速度较慢，但​​比非截肢运动员更有效地起飞

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摘要

The use of technological aids to improve sport performance (‘techno doping’) and inclusion of Paralympic athletes in Olympic events are matters of ongoing debate. Recently, a long jumper with a below the knee amputation (BKA) achieved jump distances similar to world-class athletes without amputations, using a carbon fibre running-specific prosthesis (RSP). We show that athletes with BKA utilize a different, more effective take-off technique in the long jump, which provided the best athlete with BKA a performance advantage of at least 0.13?m compared to non-amputee athletes. A maximum speed constraint imposed by the use of RSPs would indicate a performance disadvantage for the long jump. We found slower maximum sprinting speeds in athletes with BKA, but did not find a difference in the overall vertical force from both legs of athletes with BKA compared to non-amputees. Slower speeds might originate from intrinsically lower sprinting abilities of athletes with BKA or from more complex adaptions in sprinting mechanics due to the biomechanical and morphological differences induced by RSPs. Our results suggest that due to different movement strategies, athletes with and without BKA should likely compete in separate categories for the long jump.
机译：使用技术辅助手段来提高运动成绩（“技术兴奋剂”）以及将残奥会运动员纳入奥运会项目是不断争论的问题。最近，使用碳纤维跑步专用假肢（RSP），膝下截肢（BKA）跳远的跳远运动员获得了与世界一流的无截肢运动员相似的跳远距离。我们显示，具有BKA的运动员在跳远过程中采用了一种不同的，更有效的起飞技术，与没有截肢的运动员相比，这为具有BKA的最佳运动员提供了至少0.13？m的性能优势。使用RSP施加的最大速度限制将表明跳远时的性能劣势。我们发现BKA运动员的最大冲刺速度较慢，但​​与非截肢者相比，BKA运动员的双腿的总体垂直力没有差异。速度较慢的原因可能是BKA运动员的固有冲刺能力较低，或者是由于RSP引起的生物力学和形态差异而导致的冲刺力学中较复杂的适应性。我们的结果表明，由于不同的运动策略，有和没有BKA的运动员都应该在长距离跳远的不同类别中竞争。

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