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A Drosophila ex vivo model of olfactory appetitive learning

机译：果蝇嗅觉学习的离体模型。

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During olfactory appetitive learning, animals associate an odor, or conditioned stimulus (CS), with an unconditioned stimulus (US), often a sugar reward. This association induces feeding behavior, a conditioned response (CR), upon subsequent exposure to the CS. In this study, we developed a model of this behavior in isolated Drosophila brains. Artificial activation of neurons expressing the Gr5a sugar-responsive gustatory receptor (Gr5a GRNs) induces feeding behavior in starved flies. Consistent with this, we find that in dissected brains, activation of Gr5a GRNs induces Ca2+ transients in motor neurons, MN11?+?12, required for ingestion. Significantly, activation of Gr5a GRNs can substitute for presentation of sugar rewards during olfactory appetitive learning. Similarly, in dissected brains, coincident stimulation of Gr5a GRNs and the antennal lobe (AL), which processes olfactory information, results in increased Ca2+ influx into MN11?+?12 cells upon subsequent AL stimulation. Importantly, olfactory appetitive associations are not formed in satiated flies. Likewise, AL-evoked Ca2+ transients in MN11?+?12 are not produced?in ex vivo brains from satiated flies. Our results suggest that a starved/satiated state is maintained in dissected brains, and that this ex vivo system will be useful for identification of neural networks involved in olfactory appetitive learning.
机译：在嗅觉味觉学习中，动物将气味或条件刺激（CS）与非条件刺激（US）相关联，通常是糖奖励。在随后暴露于CS时，这种结合会诱导进食行为，即条件反应（CR）。在这项研究中，我们开发了在孤立的果蝇大脑中这种行为的模型。表达Gr5a糖反应性味觉受体（Gr5a GRNs）的神经元的人工激活诱导饥饿的果蝇进食。与此相一致，我们发现在解剖的大脑中，Gr5a GRNs的激活会诱导摄取所需的运动神经元MN11？+？12中的Ca2 +瞬变。重要的是，Gr5a GRNs的激活可以代替嗅觉性学习中糖奖励的表现。同样，在解剖的大脑中，Gr5a GRNs和触角叶（AL）的同时刺激（处理嗅觉信息）会导致在随后的AL刺激下增加的Ca2 +流入MN11 ++ 12细胞。重要的是，在饱足的果蝇中不会形成嗅觉性的食欲联想。同样，在饱食蝇的离体大脑中，在MN11 ++ 12中由AL诱发的Ca2 +瞬变也不产生。我们的研究结果表明，解剖后的大脑保持了饥饿/饱食状态，并且这种离体系统将有助于识别与嗅觉性食欲学习有关的神经网络。

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