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Volcanic contribution to emergence of Central Panama in the Early Miocene

机译：火山对中新世早期巴拿马中部崛起的贡献

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Formation of the Panama Isthmus, that had global oceanographic and biotic effects in the Neogene, is generally associated with tectonic uplift during collision of the Panama volcanic arc with South America. However, new field, geochemical and geochronological data from the Culebra Cut of the Panama Canal suggest that volcanism also contributed to the Isthmus emergence in the Early Miocene. This volcanism is recorded in a newly-recognised Central Panama volcanic field that includes several phases of development. Early activity of this field along the Panama Canal was associated with proximal effusive to explosive felsic products during formation of subaerial stratovolcanoes and possible domes ca. 21?Ma. This was followed by a period of marine transgression ca. 21–18?Ma, with more distal volcanism documented by tuffs that deposited in marine to terrestrial environments. Finally, proximal mafic volcanism formed tephra cones in a monogenetic field ca. 18(-?) Ma. This was associated with phreatomagmatic processes in a coastal environment, with remarkable kilometre-wide subvolcanic peperitic intrusions. We propose based on these observations that formation of the Central Panama volcanic field was critical in shaping regional topography, and that this could have actively contributed to obstruction and closure of an interoceanic strait in Central Panama.
机译：巴拿马地峡的形成在新近纪中具有全球海洋学和生物影响，通常与巴拿马火山弧与南美洲碰撞期间的构造隆升有关。然而，来自巴拿马运河库莱布拉切割区的新油田，地球化学和地球年代学数据表明，火山活动也促进了中新世早期地峡的出现。这种火山活动记录在新认可的巴拿马中部火山场中，该火山场包括几个发展阶段。沿巴拿马运河该油田的早期活动与近空中喷出的地下长形火山和可能的圆顶形成过程中的爆炸性长英质产物有关。 21吗？随后是一段海侵时期。 21-18年级，在远洋火山活动中记录的凝灰岩沉积在海洋到陆地环境中。最终，近端铁镁质火山作用在一个单相场中形成了特非拉锥。 18（-？）马这与沿海环境中的岩浆过程有关，伴有显着的千米级火山岩下岩屑侵入。我们基于这些观察结果提出，巴拿马中部火山场的形成对于塑造区域地形至关重要，并且这可能对巴拿马中部海峡之间的阻塞和封闭起到了积极作用。

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