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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of vision >Environmental orientation influences novel shape learning
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Environmental orientation influences novel shape learning

机译：环境取向影响新颖的形状学习

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Our ability to recognize familiar objects depends in part on their visual orientation. In the most well-known case, we are better able to recognize faces when they appear upright than inverted (e.g., Yin, 1969). We recently showed that in addition to retinal orientation, environmental orientation also influences performance in face processing tasks; participants were better at perceiving and remembering faces when the faces were environmentally upright as compared to environmentally inverted, even when retinal orientation was held constant (Davidenko & Flusberg, 2012). Here we investigated whether this sensitivity to environmental orientation requires a lifetime of exposure to a class of stimuli, or whether it can manifest in a short-term learning paradigm. In an oldew recognition task, we presented participants with novel abstract 2D shapes while they lay horizontally. Between study and test, we manipulated participantsa?? orientation (same as in study or ??180?°) and the shapesa?? orientation (same as in study or ??180?°). This allowed us to detect independent effects of retinal and environmental orientation on recognition performance. We found that retinal orientation significantly affected performance, with mean d'=1.29 when retinal orientation was matched between study and test versus d'=0.87 when it when it differed by 180?° (t-test20=5.5, p0.0001). Intriguingly, environmental orientation also affected memory performance, with d'=1.20 when environmental orientation was matched versus d'=0.95 when it differed by 180?° (t-test20=3.2, p0.005), consistent with early experiments by Irvin Rock (1957). In a follow-up experiment, we included sitting upright conditions to test whether environmental orientation is always represented, or only when an observer is in a non-canonical orientation during encoding. We found similar effects of environmental orientation when subjects learned the shapes while sitting upright as while lying sideways (p0.5). These results suggest that environmental orientation plays a role in our visual representations regardless of our orientation during encoding.
机译：我们识别熟悉对象的能力部分取决于视觉方向。在最着名的情况下，当它们显得比倒置直立时，我们更能识别面孔（例如，YIN，1969）。我们最近表明，除了视网膜方向之外，环境取向也会影响面部处理任务的性能;当与环境倒置相比，当面孔相比，与环境倒置相比，参与者更好地感知和记住面孔，即使随着视网膜方向持续存在（Davidenko＆Flusberg，2012）。在这里，我们调查了对环境取向的这种敏感性是否需要一生的一类刺激，或者是否可以在短期学习范式中表现出来。在一个旧的/新的识别任务中，我们在水平铺设时，我们呈现了新颖的抽象2D形状的参与者。在学习和测试之间，我们操纵参与者？定向（与研究或180°）和280？°）和Shapesa ??定向（与研究中的相同或？180？°）。这使我们可以检测视网膜和环境取向对识别性能的独立影响。我们发现视网膜取向显着影响了性能，平均d'= 1.29当视网膜取向与D'= 0.87之间相匹配时，当它不同180°（t-test20 = 5.5，p <0.0001）时。有趣的，环境取向也会影响内存性能，当环境取向与D'= 0.95匹配时，D'= 1.20差异为180？°（T-Test20 = 3.2，P <0.005），与Irvin Rock的早期实验一致（1957）。在后续实验中，我们包括坐直的条件来测试是否总是表示环境取向，或者仅当观察者在编码期间处于非规范方向时。当受试者在侧向坐着时，我们发现了环境取向的类似效果，因为侧向侧面坐着直立（P> 0.5）。这些结果表明，无论在编码期间的方向如何，环境取向都在视觉表现中发挥作用。

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