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Coexistence and cooperation in structured habitats

机译：结构性栖息地的共存与合作

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Natural habitats are typically structured, imposing constraints on inhabiting populations and their interactions. Which conditions are important for coexistence of diverse communities, and how cooperative interaction stabilizes in such populations, have been important ecological and evolutionary questions. We investigate a minimal ecological framework of microbial population dynamics that exhibits crucial features to show coexistence: Populations repeatedly undergo cycles of separation into compartmentalized habitats and mixing with new resources. The characteristic time-scale is longer than that typical of individual growth. Using analytic approximations, averaging techniques and phase-plane methods of dynamical systems, we provide a framework for analyzing various types of microbial interactions. Population composition and population size are both dynamic variables of the model; they are found to be decoupled both in terms of time-scale and parameter dependence. We present specific results for two examples of cooperative interaction by public goods: collective antibiotics resistance, and enhanced iron-availability by pyoverdine. We find stable coexistence to be a likely outcome. The two simple features of a long mixing time-scale and spatial compartmentalization are enough to enable coexisting strains. In particular, costly social traits are often stabilized in such an environment—and thus cooperation established.
机译：自然栖息地通常是结构性的，对居民群体和互动产生限制。哪些条件对于各种社区的共存是重要的，以及合作互动如何稳定在这种人口中，这是重要的生态和进化问题。我们调查了微生物种群动态的最小生态框架，表现出关键的特征，表现出共存的关键特征：群体反复接受分离栖息地的循环并与新资源混合。特征时间尺度比个体增长的典型量长。使用分析近似，平均技术和动态系统的相面方法，我们提供了一种用于分析各种类型的微生物相互作用的框架。人口成分和人口大小是模型的动态变量;发现它们在时间尺度和参数依赖方面都被解耦。我们为公共产品的两个合作互动示例提出了特定的结果：集体抗生素抵抗，并通过百voverdine提高了铁可用性。我们发现稳定的共存成为一个可能的结果。长混合时间尺度和空间划分级化的两个简单特征足以使得能够共存。特别是，昂贵的社会特质通常稳定在这种环境中 - 因此建立了合作。

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