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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Ecology >Leopard seal diets in a rapidly warming polar region vary by year, season, sex, and body size
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Leopard seal diets in a rapidly warming polar region vary by year, season, sex, and body size

机译：豹纹在快速变暖的极地区域中的饮食变化逐年，季节，性别和体型

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摘要

Resolving the preferred prey items and dietary proportions of leopard seals is central to understanding food-web dynamics in the rapidly-warming Antarctic Peninsula region. Previous studies have identified a wide range of prey items; however, due to anecdotal or otherwise limited information, leopard seal diets remain unresolved by seal sex, individual, body size, region, and season. Over the 2013, 2014, and 2017 field seasons we collected scat, tissue samples (red blood cells and plasma; n?=?23) for stable isotope analyses, and previously-reported animal-borne video from 19 adult leopard seals foraging near mesopredator breeding colonies at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island. We summarized a priori diet information from scat and video analysis and applied a three-isotope (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S), four-source (fish, fur seal, krill, penguin) Bayesian mixing model to examine temporal variability in both prey sources and leopard seal tissues. The austral spring diets of males and females focused on Antarctic krill (31.7–38.0%), notothen fish (31.6–36.5%), and penguin (24.4–26.9%) and were consistent across all 3?years. Several lines of evidence suggest the transition to summer foraging was distinct for males and females. Female diets transitioned rapidly to higher δ15N values (+2.1‰), indicating increased consumption of penguin (29.5–46.2%) and energy-dense Antarctic fur seal pup (21.3–37.6%). The seasonal increase in leopard seal δ15N values, and thus fur seal in their diet, was predictably related to larger body size; it may also be forcing reductions to the largest Antarctic fur seal colony in the Antarctic Peninsula. Our ensemble sampling approach reduces historical biases in monitoring marine apex predator diets. Further, our results are necessary to best inform regional fisheries management planning.
机译：解决优选的猎物和睡眠密封膳食比例是了解快速变暖的南极半岛地区中的食物网动态的核心。以前的研究已经确定了各种各样的猎物;然而，由于信息轶事或其他有限的信息，豹纹封存饮食仍未解决，密封性别，个人，体型，区域和季节仍未解决。在2013年，2014年和2017年的田间季节，我们收集了Scat，组织样品（红细胞和血浆; N？= 23），用于稳定同位素分析，以及来自19个成年豹纹密封件的动物传播视频，靠近脱模器在海角Shirreff，利文斯顿岛的繁殖殖民地。我们总结了来自SCAT和视频分析的先验饮食信息，并应用了三位同位素（Δ13c，Δ15n，Δ34s），四个来源（鱼，毛皮密封，磷虾，企鹅）贝叶斯混合模型，以检查猎物来源的时间变异性豹纹密封组织。澳门春季的男性和女性的春季饮食专注于南极磷虾（31.7-38.0％），Nothoth鱼（31.6-36.5％）和企鹅（24.4-26.9％），并在所有3年均一致。几个证据表明，对夏季觅食的过渡是鲜美和女性的鲜明。雌性饮食快速转化为更高的Δ15N值（+ 2.1‰），表明企鹅的消耗量增加（29.5-46.2％）和能量密集的南极海豹犬（21.3-37.6％）。豹纹密封δ15n值的季节性增加，因此在其饮食中的毛皮密封，可预见到较大的体型;它也可能迫使南极半岛最大的南极海豹群体减少。我们的集合采样方法可以减少监测海洋顶点捕食者饮食中的历史偏见。此外，我们的结果是最佳通知区域渔业管理计划的必要条件。

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