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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Ecology >State-dependent mortality can enhance behavioral unpredictability
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State-dependent mortality can enhance behavioral unpredictability

机译：国家依赖性死亡率可以提高行为的不可预测性

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Although behavioral unpredictability is widely described within-individual variability in behavior, its adaptive significance is little understood. Using a dynamic state variable model, this study investigated the conditions under which behavioral unpredictability (a component of within-individual variability) in foraging behavior is advantageous. The model considers a situation in which a forager forages for a fixed period, represented by discrete time steps. The outcome of foraging may change the level of a state (e.g., size and fat storage) of the forager at each time step, and variability in the foraging outcome is assumed to be positively correlated with behavioral unpredictability. The probability of death at each time step is influenced by the state at the same time step. Reproduction occurs after all the foraging steps and is influenced by the state level of a forager at the time of reproduction. According to the expected utility hypothesis, the relationship (e.g., curvature) between the state and fitness will determine the role of behavioral unpredictability. In the model, the relationship was obtained by using the backward iteration method for each foraging time step. State-dependent mortality adds curvature to the relationship between the state and fitness, which makes the effect of behavioral unpredictability on fitness either positive or negative. This conclusion holds for any state-dependent mortality (i.e., as long as mortality is not independent of the state factor). Given that state-dependent mortality is commonly described, conditions that benefit behavioral unpredictability are likely also common. When mortality depends on a state that is influenced by behavior, conditions that favor behavioral unpredictability may become common. How behavioral unpredictability influences the variability of behavioral outcomes is as important as how it influences the expectation of behavioral outcomes when studying the adaptive significance of behavioral unpredictability.
机译：尽管行为不可预测性在行为中的个人变异范围内广泛描述，但其自适应意义很少被理解。使用动态状态变量模型，本研究调查了觅食行为中行为不可预测性（内部变异性的组分）的条件是有利的。该模型考虑了一个由离散时间步骤表示的固定时段的觅食伪造的情况。觅食的结果可以在每个时间步骤改变觅食的状态（例如，脂肪存储器）的水平，假设觅食结果的可变性与行为不可预测性正相关。每个时间步骤死亡的概率受到同时阶段的影响。在所有觅食步骤之后发生再现，并且受到再现时觅食的状态级的影响。根据预期的实用假设，国家和健身之间的关系（例如，曲率）将决定行为不可预测性的作用。在该模型中，通过使用每个觅食时间步骤的向后迭代方法获得关系。状态依赖性死亡率为状态和健身之间的关系增加了曲率，这使得行为不可预测性对健身的影响是阳性或阴性的。该结论持有任何国家依赖性死亡率（即，只要死亡率与国家因素无关）。鉴于通常描述的国家依赖性死亡率，益处行为不可预测性的条件可能也很常见。当死亡率取决于受行为影响的状态时，有利于行为不可预测性的条件可能变得普遍。行为的不可预测性如何影响行为结果的变化与如何在研究行为不可预测性的适应性意义时影响行为结果的期望。

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