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Response of reindeer mating time to climatic variability

机译：驯鹿配合时间对气候变异性的回应

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The breeding time of many species has changed over the past 2–3 decades in response to climate change. Yet it is a key reproductive trait that affects individual's parturition time and reproductive success, and thereby population dynamics. In order to predict how climate change will affect species’ viability, it is crucial to understand how species base their reproductive efforts on environmental cues. By using long-term datasets of mating behaviours and copulation dates recorded since 1996 on a semi-domesticated reindeer population, we showed that mating time occurred earlier in response to weather conditions at different key periods in their annual breeding cycle. The mating time occurred earlier following a reducing snow cover in early spring, colder minimum temperatures in the last 2?weeks of July and less precipitation in August-September. The mediated effect of a reduced snow cover in early spring on improving individuals’ pre-rut body weight through a better availability of late winter food and reduced costs of locomotion on snow would explain that mating time has occurred earlier overtime. A lower level of insect harassment caused by colder maximum temperatures in July might have caused an advance in mating time. Less precipitation in August-September also caused the mating time to occur earlier, although the direct effects of the last two weather variables were not mediated through the pre-rut body weight of individuals. As such, the causal effects of weather conditions on seasonal timing of animals are still unclear and other mechanisms than just body weight might be involved (e.g. socio-biological factors). The plastic response of reindeer mating time to climatic variability, despite supplemental feeding occurring in late April, demonstrated that environmental factors may have a greater influence on reproductive outputs than previously thought in reindeer.
机译：过去2-3几十年来，许多物种的繁殖时间因气候变化而变化。然而，它是一个关键的生殖特性，影响个人的分娩时间和生殖成功，从而影响人群动态。为了预测气候变化将如何影响物种的可行性，了解物种如何基于环境提示的生殖努力至关重要。通过使用自1996年以来的半驯化驯鹿群自1996年以来一直录制的交配行为和交配日期的长期数据集，我们表明，在其年度育种周期中不同关键期间的天气条件，较早发生的交配时间。在春季春季减少雪覆盖后，交配时间早些时候发生，在七月的最后2个星期和8月至9月的降水量较小的最低温度下，较冷。早春减少雪覆盖的介导的效果通过更好地提供晚期冬季食物的更好地可用，降低雪地运动的降低成本将解释交配时间早期加班。 7月份最大温度造成的较低昆虫骚扰水平可能导致交配时间的进步。 8月至9月的降水量较少也导致了先前发生的交配时间，尽管过去两个天气变量的直接效应未通过急流体重介导的个体。因此，天气条件对动物季节性时序的因果效应仍然不明确，而且可能涉及的其他机制比体重（例如社会生物因素）。尽管4月下旬发生了饲料，但驯化了驯鹿交配时间对气候变异性的塑料响应表明，环境因素可能对生殖产出产生更大的影响，而不是先前在驯鹿中思考。

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