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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Ecology >Using long-term ranging patterns to assess within-group and between-group competition in wild mountain gorillas
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Using long-term ranging patterns to assess within-group and between-group competition in wild mountain gorillas

机译：使用长期测距模式来评估群体内和野生山大猩猩的小组竞争

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Competition within and between social groups determines access to resources and can be inferred from space use parameters that reflect depletion of food resources and competitive abilities of groups. Using location data from 1998 to 2017, we investigated within- and between-group competition in 12 groups of wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). As within-group feeding competition is expected to increase with group size, an increase in group size is predicted to lead to an increase in the size of annual home ranges and core areas, but to a decrease in fidelity (reuse of an area). Due to asymmetries in competitive abilities, larger groups are expected to have higher exclusivity (degree of non-shared space) of annual home ranges and core areas than smaller groups. We found evidence of within-group feeding competition based on a positive relationship between group size and both annual home range and core area size as well as a negative relationship between group size and core area fidelity. Additionally, fidelity of core areas was lower than of home ranges. Between-group competition was inferred from a trend for groups with more members and more males to have more exclusive home ranges and core areas. Lastly, annual core areas were largely mutually exclusive. Our study suggests that non-territorial, group-living animals can have highly dynamic, long-term avoidance-based spacing patterns, both temporally and spatially, to maintain annual core area exclusivity among groups while concurrently shifting these areas annually within overlapping home ranges to avoid resource depletion. Despite ranging in larger home ranges and core areas, larger groups were able to maintain more exclusive ranges than smaller groups, suggesting a competitive advantage for larger groups in between-group competition in a non-territorial species. Together, these findings contribute to understanding how social animals make behavioral adjustments to mitigate the effects of intraspecific competition.
机译：社会群体内部和社会群体之间的竞争决定了对资源的访问，可以从反映食物资源消耗和团体竞争能力的空间使用参数推断出来。使用1998年至2017年的位置数据，我们调查了12组野生山大猩猩（Gorilla Beringei Beringei）的集团之间的竞争。由于集团内部饲养竞争预计，群体规模的增加预计将导致年度归属范围和核心领域的规模增加，而是降低富达（重用区域）。由于竞争能力的不对称，预计较大的群体将具有比较小群体的年度归属范围和核心区域的更高的独特性（非共享空间）。我们发现基于团体规模与年度归属范围和核心区域尺寸之间的积极关系以及集团规模和核心区域保真度之间的负面关系的基础饲养竞争的证据。此外，核心区域的保真度低于家庭范围。在与更多成员和更多雄性的群体中推断出集团比赛，以更具独特的家庭范围和核心领域。最后，年度核心区域主要是相互排斥的。我们的研究表明，非领土，群体活的动物可以在时间和空间上具有高度动态，长期的避免间距模式，以维持群体之间的年度核心区域专用性，同时每年在重叠的家庭范围内将这些区域移位。避免资源耗尽。尽管在较大的家庭范围和核心地区等等，但更大的群体能够维持比较小的群体更独特的范围，这表明在非地区物种中集团之间竞争中的较大群体的竞争优势。这些发现在一起有助于了解社交动物如何对行为调整来减轻拆放竞争的影响。

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