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Learning radiotherapy: the state of the art

机译：学习放射治疗：最先进

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The last two decades have seen revolutionary developments in both radiotherapy technology and postgraduate medical training. Trainees are expected to attain competencies using a mix of experiential learning, formal postgraduate teaching, self-directed learning and peer education. Radiation (Clinical) Oncology is a recognised ‘craft specialty’ where the apprenticeship model of training is applicable. This scoping review examines the evidence in relation to how medical trainees learn radiotherapy. A systematic search of MEDINE and EMBASE was undertaken to identify studies of trainee and/or trainer experience of radiotherapy learning published 1999–2018. Results pertaining to Medical Oncology, workforce trends, undergraduate radiotherapy exposure, academic training, global health, non-medical staff, health service infrastructure and recruitment to training programmes were not included. A total of 146 publications were included in the synthesis. Five themes were apparent through careful iterative analysis representing broadly inter-related issues. Most articles studied radiotherapy training from the perspective of the trainee doctor. Most literature reports results of observational, local or national surveys with a tightly defined scope. Considerable variation exists within hospitals, within countries, over time and between different curricular areas. Medical education has not kept pace with changes in the field of radiotherapy and large differences are demonstrated in experience between trainees in different hospitals, countries and training stages. Interpersonal relationships, departmental organisation, and national curricula impact on training quality. Qualitative and quantitative research examining modern radiotherapy learning has been uncommon and uncoordinated, until recently. To date no single study has been designed to comprehensively assess a department’s training scheme.
机译：过去二十年来，放射治疗技术和研究生医疗培训都看到了革命性的发展。预计学员将使用一系列经验学习，正式的研究生教学，自我指导学习和同伴教育实现能力。辐射（临床）肿瘤学是一个公认的“工艺专业”，适用培训的学徒模型。该裁视审查审查了医学家如何学习放疗的证据。对MEDINE和EMBASE进行了系统的系统搜索，以确定1999 - 2018年公开的放射治疗学习的实习生和/或培训师体验的研究。结果与医疗肿瘤有关，劳动力趋势，本科放射疗法接触，学术培训，全球卫生，非医务人员，卫生服务基础设施和招募培训方案。合成中共有146个出版物。通过仔细的迭代分析表示与相关的与相关的相互相关的问题，五个主题是显而易见的。大多数文章从实习生医生的角度研究了放射疗法培训。大多数文献报告了具有严密定义的范围的观察，本地或国家调查的结果。在各国内，随着时间的推移和不同课程领域，在国家内部存在相当大的变化。医学教育尚未与放疗领域的变化保持速度，在不同医院，国家和培训阶段的学员之间的经验中展示了大差异。人际关系，部门组织和国家课程对培训质量的影响。迄今为止，定性和定量研究审查了现代放射疗法学习的罕见和不协调。迄今为止，旨在旨在全面评估部门的培训计划。

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