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Release of coarse woody detritus-related carbon: a synthesis across forest biomes

机译：释放粗木质滴灌相关的碳：跨森林生物群系的合成

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BACKGROUND:Recent increases in forest tree mortality should increase the abundance coarse woody detritus (CWD) and ultimately lead to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, the time course of carbon release from CWD is not well understood. We compiled CWD decomposition rate-constants (i.e., k) to examine how tree species, piece diameter, position (i.e., standing versus downed), canopy openness, and macroclimate influenced k. To illustrate their implications we modeled the effect of species and position on estimates of decomposition-related carbon flux. We examined a subset of currently used models to determine if their structure accounted for these factors.RESULTS:Globally k of downed CWD varied at least 244-fold with interspecies variation at individual sites up to 76-fold. While k generally decreased with increasing piece diameter, under open canopies the opposite occurred. Standing CWD sometimes exhibited little decomposition, but sometimes had k values up to 3 times faster than downed CWD. There was a clear response of k to mean annual temperature of?≈?2.6 times per 10?°C; however, there was considerable variation for a given mean annual temperature related to species, diameter, and position. A key feature of carbon release from CWD after disturbance was the "evolution" of the ecosystem-level k value as positions and species mixtures of the remaining CWD changed. Variations in decomposition caused by disturbance (e.g., changes in species, positions, sizes, and microclimate) had the potential to cause net carbon fluxes to the atmosphere to be highly nonlinear. While several models currently being used for carbon accounting and assessing land-use/climate change would potentially capture some of these post disturbance changes in fluxes and carbon balances, many would not.CONCLUSIONS:While much has been learned in the last 5 decades about CWD decomposition, to fully understand the time course of carbon release from increased mortality and other aspects of global change a new phase of global CWD research that is more systematic, experimental, and replicated needs to be initiated. If our findings are to be fully applied in modeling, an approach acknowledging how the rate of carbon release evolves over time should be implemented.
机译：背景：森林树死亡率最近的增加应增加丰度粗木质滴灌（CWD），最终导致大气二氧化碳增加。然而，来自CWD的碳释放的时间过程并不熟知。编译CWD分解率 - 常数（即，k）检查树种，直径，位置（即，抵达与滴度），冠层开放性和宏观调整影响k。为了说明他们的含义，我们建模了物种和位置对分解相关碳通量的估计的影响。我们检查了当前使用模型的一个子集，以确定它们的结构是否占这些因素。结果：拖动CWD的全球K至少244倍，各个部位的差异差异高达76倍。虽然K通常随着碎片直径的增加而降低，但在开放的檐篷下发生相反。站立CWD有时会表现出很少的分解，但有时k值高达3倍的速度比下行的CWD。 k的明确反应是指每10？℃的≈α2.6次的然而，与物种，直径和位置有关的给定平均年度温度有相当大的变化。扰动后CWD的碳释放的关键特征是生态系统级K值的“演变”作为剩余CWD的位置和物种混合物改变的位置和物种混合物。扰动引起的分解的变化（例如，物种，位置，尺寸和小气候的变化）具有可能导致净碳通量的含量高度非线性。虽然目前用于碳核算和评估土地使用/气候变化的几种模型可能会捕获其中一些扰乱变化的助核和碳余额，但许多人不会。结论：虽然在过去的5年度关于CWD的时间很多分解，充分了解碳释放的时间过程从增加的死亡率和全球变化的其他方面，全球CWD研究的新阶段，需要启动更系统的，实验和复制。如果我们的调查结果将完全应用于建模中，则应实施一种方法，承认如何随着时间的推移而发出的碳释放速度。

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