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Synergistic Evaluation and Constraint Factor Analysis on Urban Industrial Ecosystems of Traditional Industrial Area in China

机译：中国传统工业区城市工业生态系统的协同评价与约束因素分析

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Industrial ecology is an advanced form and ideal model of modern industrial development, in which the industrial ecosystem is the core. Based on the PSR model, this paper builds a comprehensive evaluation index system for urban industrial ecosystem development and selects 14 prefecture-level cities in Liaoning Province of the traditional industrial area in Northeastern China as cases to calculate the development level of its industrial ecosystem during 2000–2018 using an improved Topsis method and then to conduct a spatial visualization analysis. Finally, based on the “stress-state-response” subsystem, this paper diagnoses the constraints for industrial ecosystem development, which can provide a reference basis for decision-making in industrial ecology of traditional industrial area represented by those in Northeast China. The results show the following: (1) From 2000 to 2018, the industrial ecology of the 14 cities in Liaoning Province was at a medium level. Except for Shenyang and Dalian with the rapid development, the difference of industrial ecosystem development for other cities was relatively small. (2) From 2000 to 2018, the industrial ecosystem development of each city was in a status of “either increasing, or decreasing, or fluctuating,” which generally raised first and then decreased. Regarding spatial difference, the development exhibited a “center-periphery” pattern, with Shenyang and Dalian as the “dual-core” that were increasingly strengthened with significantly high-level industrial ecology. (3) At system level, PSR constraint grades for the industrial ecosystem development in the 14 cities of Liaoning Province were different. Constraint grades in the pressure subsystem, the state subsystem, and the response subsystem for the industrial ecosystem of Liaoning were 45.73%, 20.01%, and 34.34%, respectively, indicating that the lack of human response to the ecological environment and the pressure of human activities on the ecological environment during the industrial economy development were the main constraints affecting the process of industrial ecology in these cities. (4) Due to the differences in geographical environments, economic bases, industrial structures, and local development contexts, the major constraint factors of industrial ecosystem development in different cities are significantly different and complicated; however, there are five factors that are generally considered as major constraint factors in all cities, i.e., regional GDP, number of labor force employed in the secondary industrial sector, gross investment in fixed assets, amount of industrial sulfur dioxide removal, and production value from “three-wastes” comprehensive utilization. At last, this paper puts forward some recommendations and suggestions for providing scientific support for industrial ecosystem construction in the traditional industrial area of Northeastern China.
机译：工业生态是现代工业发展的先进形式和理想模型，其中工业生态系统是核心。本文基于PSR模型，为城市工业生态系统开发建立了综合评价指标体系，并在中国东北部的传统工业区中选择了辽宁省的14个县级城市，以计算其2000年其工业生态系统的发展水平-2018使用改进的TOPSIS方法，然后进行空间可视化分析。最后，基于“压力 - 国家反应”子系统，本文诊断了工业生态系统发展的约束，这可以为中国东北地区的传统工业区的工业生态学决策提供参考依据。结果表明：（1）从2000年到2018年，辽宁省14个城市的工业生态处于中等水平。除了沉阳和大连随着快速发展，其他城市的工业生态系统发展差异相对较小。 （2）从2000年到2018年，每个城市的工业生态系统发展处于“增加，或减少或波动”的地位，这一般首先提高，然后减少。关于空间差异，该开发表现出“中心 - 周边”模式，沉阳和大连作为“双核”，越来越加强，具有显着高级别的工业生态学。 （3）在辽宁省14个城市工业生态系统发展的PSR约束等级不同。压力子系统中的约束等级，辽宁工业生态系统的响应子系统分别为45.73％，20.01％和34.34％，表明缺乏对生态环境和人类压力的人类反应工业经济发展期间生态环境的活动是影响这些城市工业生态过程的主要制约因素。 （4）由于地理环境，经济基础，工业结构和地方发展背景的差异，不同城市工业生态系统发展的主要约束因素显着不同和复杂;然而，有五个因素通常被视为所有城市的主要约束因素，即次级工业部门所雇用的劳动力人数，固定资产总投资，二氧化硫数量，以及生产价值从“三废物”综合利用。最后，本文提出了对中国东北地区工业区的工业生态系统建设提供科学支持的一些建议和建议。

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