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Emission Modes in Electrospray Thrusters Operating with High Conductivity Ionic Liquids

机译：电喷雾推进器中的发射模式，具有高导电性离子液体

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Electrospray thruster life and mission performance are strongly influenced by grid impingement, the extent of which can be correlated with emission modes that occur at steady-state extraction voltages, and thruster command transients. Most notably, we experimentally observed skewed cone-jet emission during steady-state electrospray thruster operation, which leads to the definition of an additional grid impingement mechanism that we termed “tilted emission”. Long distance microscopy was used in conjunction with high speed videography to observe the emission site of an electrospray thruster operating with an ionic liquid propellant (EMI-Im). During steady-state thruster operation, no unsteady electrohydrodynamic emission modes were observed, though the conical meniscus exhibited steady off-axis tilt of up to 15°. Cone tilt angle was independent over a wide range of flow rates but proved strongly dependent on extraction voltage. For the geometry and propellant used, the optimal extraction voltage was near 1.6 kV. A second experiment characterized transient emission behavior by observing startup and shutdown of the thruster via flow or voltage. Three of the four possible startup and shutdown procedures transition to quiescence within ～475 μs, with no observed unsteady modes. However, during voltage-induced thruster startup, unsteady electrohydrodynamic modes were observed.
机译：电喷雾推进器寿命和任务性能受到电网冲击的强烈影响，其范围可以与稳态提取电压下发生的发射模式相关，以及推进器命令瞬变。最值得注意的是，我们在稳态电喷雾推进器操作期间通过实验观察到偏斜的锥形发射，这导致我们称为“倾斜排放”的额外网格冲击机构的定义。长距离显微镜与高速摄像机一起使用，观察使用离子液体推进剂（EMI-IM）操作的电喷雾推进器的发射部位。在稳态推进器操作期间，未观察到不稳定的电流动力流动发射模式，尽管锥形弯月面表现出高达15°的稳定性偏离轴倾斜度。锥形倾斜角度独立于宽范围的流速，但经过强烈地取决于提取电压。对于使用的几何形状和推进剂，最佳提取电压接近1.6 kV。第二实验通过观察推进器通过流量或电压的启动和关闭来表征瞬态发射行为。四个可能的启动和关闭过程中的三个过渡到静态范围内〜475μs，没有观察到的不稳定模式。然而，在电压诱导的推进器启动期间，观察到不稳定的电流流动模式。

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