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Integration-In-Totality: The 7th System Safety Principle Based on Systems Thinking in Aerospace Safety

机译：整合整体：第七系统基于航空安全系统思维的安全原理

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摘要

Safety is of paramount concern in aerospace and aviation. Safety has evolved over the years, from the technical era to the human-factors era and organizational era, and finally to the present era of systems-thinking. Building upon three foundational concepts of systems-thinking, a new safety concept called “integration-in-totality principle” is propounded in this article as part of a “seven-principles-framework of system safety”, to act as an integrated framework to visualize and model system safety. The integration-in-totality principle concept addresses the need to have a holistic ‘vertical and horizontal integration’, which is a key tenet of systems thinking. The integration-in-totality principle is illustrated and elucidated with the help of a simple “Rubik’s cube model of integration-in-totality principle” with three orthogonal axes, the ‘axis of perspective’ of vertical integration, and the two ‘axes of perception and performance’ of horizontal integration. Safety analysis along the three axes with a ‘bidirectional synthesis’ and ‘continuum approach’ is further elaborated with relevant case studies, one among them related to the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft twin disasters. Safety is directly linked to quality, reliability and risk, through a self-reinforcing reflexive paradigm, and airworthiness assurance is the process through which safety concepts are embedded in a multidisciplinary aviation environment where the system of systems is seamlessly operating. The article explains how the system safety principle of integration-in-totality is related to reliability and airworthiness of an aerospace system with the help of the ‘V-model of systems engineering’. The article also establishes the linkage between integration-in-totality principle and strategic quality management, thus bridging the gap between two parallel fields of knowledge.
机译：安全是航空航天和航空的最重要的问题。多年来，安全已经发展，从技术时代到人类因素时代和组织时代，终于到了现在的系统思维时代。根据系统思维的三种基础概念，这篇文章中的一个新的安全概念被称为“整合总理”的新安全概念，作为“系统安全的七个原则框架”的一部分，以充当综合框架可视化和模型系统安全。整合整体原理概念解决了有一个全面的“垂直和水平集成”的需要，这是一个关键的系统思维宗旨。借助三个正交轴的简单“Rubik的立方体模型”，垂直集成的“透视轴”，以及垂直整合的“透视轴”，以及垂直整合的“透视轴”，以及垂直整合的“透视轴”，以及两个'轴横向集成的感知和性能。通过相关的案例研究进一步详细阐述了沿着具有“双向合成”和“连续体方法”的三个轴的安全性分析，其中一个与波音737最大飞机双灾害有关。通过自我强化反射范式直接与质量，可靠性和风险直接相关，维护保证是安全概念嵌入在系统系统无缝操作的多学科航空环境中的过程。本文介绍了整合整合的系统安全原则是如何借助于“系统工程的V示范”系统的航空航天系统的可靠性和适航性。本文还建立了整体融合原则与战略质量管理之间的联系，从而弥合了两个平行知识领域之间的差距。

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