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Solute carrier transporters: Pharmacogenomics research opportunities in Africa

机译：溶质载体转运蛋白：非洲的药物替代科学研究机会

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Membrane transporters play a critical role in drug response as they provide the targets for many commonly used drugs and are major determinants of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. Most of them belong to one of the two major super-families of membrane transport proteins, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and the solute carrier (SLC) transporters. They are subject to both genotypic and phenotypic polymorphisms, and variation in drug transporters may be the reason for inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetic disposition, efficacy, and toxicity of drug transporter substrates. The growing number of publications reporting genetic population data for the solute carrier transporters in particular shows their importance, as well as the increased interest in investigating them in most recent pharmaco-genetics/genomics research projects. These publications range from reporting baseline frequency distributions of SNPs of genes important in drug transport, discovering new genetic variants of these genes, and/or describing genotyping projects to identify probable responders or non-responders to therapy, or to predict exposure levels in different patients. This paper reviews the solute carrier transporters and highlights the fact that there is much to be learnt from characterizing human genomic variation in South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, especially with regards to health applications. Genomic diversity in this region is indeed relatively under-studied despite being home to significant portion of human genomic diversity.
机译：膜转运仪在药物反应中发挥着关键作用，因为它们为许多常用药物提供了靶标，并且是药物吸收，分布和消除的主要决定因素。其中大多数属于膜输送蛋白的两个主要超级家庭之一，ATP结合盒（ABC）转运蛋白和溶质载体（SLC）转运蛋白。它们受到基因型和表型多态性的影响，并且药物转运蛋白的变异可能是药代动力学置位，疗效和药物转运素底物的毒性的间间变异的原因。越来越多的出版物，报告溶质载体转运蛋白的遗传群数据特别展示了他们的重要性，以及在最近的药房 - 遗传学/基因组学研究项目中调查它们的兴趣增加。这些出版物范围从报告基因基因的基线频率分布在药物转运中重要的，发现这些基因的新遗传变异，和/或描述基因分型项目，以确定可能的响应者或非响应者对治疗，或预测不同患者的暴露水平。本文评论了溶质载体运输车，并突出了诸如在南非和撒哈拉以南非的人类基因组变异，特别是关于健康申请的问题。尽管是人类基因组多样性的重要部分，但该地区的基因组多样性实际上是相对较低的。

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