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Soil amendment impact to soil organic matter and physical properties on the three soil types after second corn cultivation

机译：第二次玉米栽培后土壤有机质和物理性质对土壤有机质和物理性质的影响

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Soil amendment is important for low organic matter soil dominated by sand or clay. Soil amendments using biochar and various types of organic fertilizer have been shown to improve the soil properties. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of soil amendment against the second maize plantation season in different soil types. Biochar and organic fertilizer had been applied to the soil amendment 2 years ago (2017) in a polybag during the second plantation season. Polybags were placed in the field and arranged according to nested designs. The experiment used three types of biochar from rice husk, corn cob, by-products of the tobacco industry called jengkok. Two types of organic fertilizer (compost and chicken manure). Soil samples were predominantly sand (entisol) and clay (inceptisol and entisol lithic subgroups). Soil amendment was given at a dose of 300 g per polybags single type, biochar or organic fertilizer without mixing, and each 150 g per polybags for combination type, biochar mixed with an organic fertilizer in 9 kg of soil. Three types of soil (first factor) and soil amendment (second factor nested in the first factor) consisted of 12 treatments: 1. Control, 2. Corn cob biochar (CB), 3. Rice husk biochar (RB), 4. Jengkok biochar (JB), 5. Compost (Cs), 6. Chicken manure (M), 7. Corn cob biochar + compost (CBCs), 8. Corn cob biochar + manure (CBM), 9. Rice husk biochar + compost (RBCs), 10. Rice husk biochar + manure (RBM), 11. Jengkok biochar + compost (JBCs), 12. Jengkok biochar + manure (JBM). Soil physical properties were observed using intact soil samples (rings 5 cm in diameter and 5.5 cm in height), including saturated hydraulic conductivity, texture, soil water retention capacity, soil bulk density, soil particles, soil porosity, macro, meso, and micropores. It was also observed soil organic matter which was taken in a composite from the surface (0-20 cm). Plants are fertilized with 100 kg Psub2/subOsub5/sub hasup-1/sup, 110 kg Ksub2/subO hasup-1/sup, and 135 kg N hasup-1/sup at each planting season. Data analysis with SPSS and continued with the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed each soil amendment had different effectiveness to improve the soil organic matter and its physical properties. Biochar from corn cob mixed with manure is effective to get better corn yields from entisol. While inceptisol soil is suitable with biochar from rice husk mixed with manure. The entisol lithic subgroups are suitable for manure. The soil amendment types affect the soil constituent fraction (sand, dust, clay) composition so that it has an impact on the physical properties of each soil type.
机译：土壤修正案对于由沙子或粘土构成的低有机物质土壤是重要的。已经显示使用生物炭和各种类型的有机肥的土壤修正案改善土壤性质。该研究旨在评估土壤修正对不同土壤类型的第二玉米种植季度的有效性。生物炭和有机肥已在第二种种植季期间的塑料袋中应用于土壤修正案。将Polybags放置在该领域并根据嵌套设计排列。该实验用了三种类型的生物炭，稻壳，玉米棒，烟草业的副产品称为Jungkok。两种类型的有机肥（堆肥和鸡粪）。土壤样品主要是砂（奥基石）和粘土（Incepisol和Entisol Lithic亚组）。土壤修正案以每袋单品单型，生物炭或有机肥的剂量为300克，无混合，每袋组合型150克，Biochar与9千克土壤中的有机肥混合。土壤（第一因素）和土壤修正（第一因素嵌套的第二因素）包括12种治疗方法：1。对照，2.玉米COB生物炭（CB），3.稻壳生物炭（RB），4. Jungkok生物炭（JB），5.堆肥（CS），6.鸡肉粪（M），7.玉米COB生物炭+堆肥（CBCS），8.玉米COB生物炭+粪肥（CBM），9.稻壳生物炭+堆肥（ RBCS），10.稻壳Biochar +粪肥（RBM），11. Jengkok Biochar + Compost（JBCS），12. Jengkok Biochar +粪便（JBM）。使用完整的土壤样品（直径5cm，高度5厘米的环）观察土壤物理性质，包括饱和液压导电性，质地，土壤水保留能力，土壤堆积密度，土壤颗粒，土壤孔隙，宏观，梅索和微孔。也观察到土壤有机物，其在表面（0-20cm）中脱氧。植物受精100 kg p 2 O 5 ha -1 ，110kg k 2 o ha -1 ，和135 kg n h ha -1 。使用SPSS数据分析并继续使用DUNCHAN的多个范围测试。结果表明，各种土壤修正案具有不同的有效性，可改善土壤有机质及其物理性质。来自玉米玉米棒的生物炭混合粪肥是有效的，可以获得来自奥斯索尔的更好的玉米产量。虽然Inceptisol土壤适用于与粪肥混合的稻壳的生物炭。 Entisol Lithic亚组适合粪肥。土壤修订类型影响土壤成分馏分（沙尘，粘土）组成，使其对每种土壤类型的物理性质产生影响。

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