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Global survey of rice breeders to investigate characteristics and willingness to adopt alternative breeding methods

机译：水稻育种者的全球调查，调查采用替代育种方法的特点和意愿

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Despite the critical role rice breeders play to ensure food security, there is a lack of information regarding their current socio-economic characteristics, constraints and attitudes towards technology adoption. Some key concepts like budget, experience, local ecosystems, level of education and even main breeding method have hardly been surveyed in the past. This not only clouds any policy making regarding scientists in national agricultural research programmes, it also makes it difficult to assess the needs and problems local rice breeders face around the world. A global online survey was conducted reaching 189 rice breeders from 51 rice-growing countries around the world. The questionnaire was structured according to an adoption framework we proposed from the literature. We specifically investigated their attitudes to adopting an alternative breeding method called rapid generation advance (RGA) (also known as single seed descent). To provide some historical perspective, we compare our results with those reported by Hargrove (Rice breeders in Asia: a ten-country survey of their backgrounds, attitudes, and use of genetic materials, 1978), the only published survey on rice breeders. Overall, rice breeders are highly educated and have a long experience with their main breeding method. However, a gender gap with respect to education seems to persist. Large variation in resources (staff, land and budget) was observed with a small number of resource-rich institutes and a large number of resource-poor institutes. Most rice breeders are focused on breeding for irrigated conditions. Most breeders have a relatively high degree of risk taking and time preference towards shorter breeding cycles. The majority of breeders are aware of RGA and its benefits with more than half having observed RGA in practice. Finally, breeders are confident in the RGA technique and estimate its resource savings to be substantial. Breeders’ willingness to adopt RGA was remarkably high. Surprisingly, adoption of RGA remains low (4% as main method). This may suggest that the benefits of using the RGA method still need to be further demonstrated in rice breeding. Our results could be useful to develop targeted extension material or interventions for implementing new technologies, which could be useful to high-level agricultural managers, international research centres and aid agencies.
机译：尽管稻米育种者的关键作用，但缺乏粮食安全，缺乏有关他们目前的社会经济特征，限制和对技术采用的态度的信息。过去的一些关键概念，如预算，经验，当地生态系统，教育水平甚至主要育种方法都几乎已经在过去调查过。这不仅弥补了国家农业研究计划中的科学家的任何政策制定，它也很难评估当地育种者在世界各地的需求和问题。全球在线调查从世界各地的51个种族增长国家达到189个稻米育种者。调查问卷根据我们从文献提出的一份采用框架构建。我们特别研究了采用替代育种方法的态度，称为快速生成前进（RGA）（也称为单种子血液）。为了提供一些历史的观点，我们将结果与哈尔德罗夫报告的结果进行比较（亚洲的稻米饲养员：1978年遗传资料的背景，态度和使用遗传资料的10个国家调查，唯一发表的水稻育种者调查。总体而言，水稻育种者受过高等教育，并具有较长的经验与他们的主要育种方法。然而，关于教育的性别差距似乎仍然存在。通过少数资源丰富的机构和大量资源贫困机构观察到资源（员工，土地和预算）的大量变化。大多数稻米育种者专注于灌溉条件的育种。大多数育种者对较短的繁殖循环具有相对高的风险和时间偏好。大多数育种者都知道RGA及其在实践中观察到的RGA以上超过一半的益处。最后，育种者对RGA技术充满信心，并估计其资源节省成绩。育种者采纳RGA的意愿非常高。令人惊讶的是，采用RGA仍然低（4％为主要方法）。这可能表明在水稻育种中需要进一步证明使用RGA方法的益处。我们的结果对于开发针对实施新技术的有针对性的延期材料或干预措施有用，这可能对高级农业经理，国际研究中心和援助机构有用。

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