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Nano-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (nano-HTDMA) for investigating hygroscopic properties of sub-10 nm aerosol nanoparticles

机译：纳米吸湿性串联差分迁移率分析仪（纳米HTDMA），用于研究亚10 NM气溶胶纳米粒子的吸湿性

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Interactions between water and nanoparticles are relevant for atmospheric multiphase processes, physical chemistry, and materials science. Current knowledge of the hygroscopic and related physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, however, is restricted by the limitations of the available measurement techniques. Here, we present the design and performance of a nano-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (nano-HTDMA) apparatus that enables high accuracy and precision in hygroscopic growth measurements of aerosol nanoparticles with diameters less than 10 nm. Detailed methods of calibration and validation are provided. Besides maintaining accurate and stable sheath and aerosol flow rates (±1 %), high accuracy of the differential mobility analyzer (DMA) voltage (±0.1 %) in the range of ～0–50 V is crucial for achieving accurate sizing and small sizing offsets between the two DMAs (1.4 %). To maintain a stable relative humidity (RH), the humidification system and the second DMA are placed in a well-insulated and air conditioner housing (±0.1 K). We also tested and discussed different ways of preventing predeliquescence in the second DMA. Our measurement results for ammonium sulfate nanoparticles are in good agreement with Biskos et al.?(2006b), with no significant size effect on the deliquescence and efflorescence relative humidity (DRH and ERH, respectively) at diameters down to 6 nm. For sodium sulfate nanoparticles, however, we find a pronounced size dependence of DRH and ERH between 20 and 6 nm nanoparticles.
机译：水和纳米粒子之间的相互作用与大气多相过程，物理化学和材料科学相关。然而，目前对纳米颗粒的吸湿性和相关物理化学性质的知识受到可用测量技术的限制。这里，我们介绍了纳米吸湿性串联差分迁移率分析仪（纳米HTDMA）装置的设计和性能，其能够高精度和精度在气雾纳米粒子的吸湿生长测量中，直径小于10nm。提供了校准和验证的详细方法。除了保持精确且稳定的护套和气溶胶流量（±1％）外，差分移动分析仪（DMA）电压（DMA）电压（±0.1％）的高精度对于实现精确尺寸和小尺寸至关重要两个DMA之间的偏移（<1.4％）。为了保持稳定的相对湿度（RH），加湿系统和第二DMA置于绝缘均匀的空调壳体（±0.1k）。我们还测试并讨论了预防第二DMA中的预防荧光的不同方式。我们对硫酸铵纳米颗粒的测量结果与Biskos等人，硫酸钠纳米粒子吻合良好，对潮解和兴华相对湿度（分别在直径下降至6nm时没有显着尺寸的影响。然而，对于硫酸钠纳米颗粒，我们发现DRH和ERH之间的明显尺寸依赖性20至6nm纳米颗粒。

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