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首页> 外文期刊>IEICE Electronics Express >Predictable and unpredictable phenomena in optical fibers for space-division/mode-division multiplexing transmission: statistical analysis of coupling and mysterious behavior of modes
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Predictable and unpredictable phenomena in optical fibers for space-division/mode-division multiplexing transmission: statistical analysis of coupling and mysterious behavior of modes

机译：用于太空分割/模式分割复用传输的光纤中可预测和不可预测的现象：模式耦合和神秘行为的统计分析

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摘要

The transmission capacity of single-mode single-core fibers is approaching the limit of about 100 Tbps owing to nonlinearity and the fiber fuse, which limit the input signal power. To avoid the so-called capacity crunch and dramatically increase the transmission capacity, a new approach utilizing space-division multiplexing (SDM) and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) has been proposed and demonstrated. In these new multiplexing technologies, a problem that is unprecedented in conventional single-mode fibers, namely, the crosstalk between transmission channels, arises. Although the input signal channels are mixed through at the output end, the signal channel can be identified using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing technology at the output end. However, even using the MIMO digital signal processing technology, the problem that the computation time increases with the number of channels remains, resulting in increased latency, and so the number of channels is limited. To design a transmission system using the SDM and MDM technologies, the crosstalk should be analyzed precisely. However, the origin and behavior of crosstalk are different in SDM using multicore fibers (MCFs) and in MDM using few-mode fibers (FMFs). The behavior of crosstalk in single-mode MCFs is predictable to some extent by statistical analysis, and the system can be designed by considering the results of the analysis. On the other hand, the behavior of crosstalk of FMFs is less predictable. Since the mode launched at the input end is not the eigenmode, mode discrimination or accurate mode demultiplexing is difficult using a conventional mode demultiplexer. In addition, the eigenmode itself of FMFs is not always the hybrid mode predicted by the conventional theory but sometimes a linearly polarized (LP) mode, contradicting the conventional theory. In other words, the demultiplexed signal always involves crosstalk regardless of the transmission distance, and the quantity of crosstalk cannot be analyzed statistically. Therefore, the crosstalk and its behavior are unpredictable. In spite of these unpredictable phenomena, the signal channel can be identified using the MIMO signal processing as in single-mode MCFs. This means that the MDM technology using FMFs is established in the engineering or inductive logic sense, but still involves unexplained phenomena in the scientific or deductive logic sense. In this review, we discuss the predictable behavior of crosstalk in single-mode MCFs and also the unpredictable behavior of crosstalk in FMFs.
机译：单模单核光纤的传输容量由于非线性和光纤保险丝而接近约100 Tbps的限制，这限制了输入信号功率。为了避免所谓的容量缩轮并显着提高传输容量，已经提出并演示了利用空分复用（SDM）和模式分割复用（MDM）的新方法。在这些新的多路复用技术中，出现了在传统单模光纤中前所未有的问题，即传输信道之间的串扰。尽管输入信号通道通过在输出端混合，但是可以使用输出端的多输入多输出（MIMO）信号处理技术来识别信号通道。然而，即使使用MIMO数字信号处理技术，计算时间随着信道数量增加的问题，导致延迟增加，因此通道的数量有限。要使用SDM和MDM技术设计传输系统，应准确分析串扰。然而，使用少量模式纤维（FMF），使用多芯纤维（MCF）和MDM在SDM中串扰的起源和行为在SDM中不同。串扰在单模MCF中的行为在某种程度上通过统计分析来预测，并且可以通过考虑分析结果来设计系统。另一方面，FMFS串扰的行为不太可预测。由于在输入端发射的模式不是特征模块，因此使用传统模式多路分解器难以进行模式辨别或精确模式多路分解。另外，FMFS的特征模型本身并不总是通过传统理论预测的混合模式，但有时是线性偏振（LP）模式，与传统理论相反。换句话说，多路分解信号总是涉及串扰，无论传输距离如何，都不能统计地分析串扰的数量。因此，串扰及其行为是不可预测的。尽管存在这些不可预测的现象，但是可以使用像单模MCF中的MIMO信号处理识别信号通道。这意味着使用FMFS的MDM技术在工程或归纳逻辑意义上建立，但仍然涉及科学或演绎逻辑感的未解释的现象。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在单模MCF中的串扰的可预测行为以及FMFS中串扰的不可预测的行为。

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