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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Smoking and Socio-Demographic Determinant of Cardiovascular Diseases among Males 45+ Years in Indonesia
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Smoking and Socio-Demographic Determinant of Cardiovascular Diseases among Males 45+ Years in Indonesia

机译：印度尼西亚45年以上男性心血管疾病的吸烟和社会人口统计

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The main objective of this study is to present the prevalence of Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVDs) defined as been diagnosed or having symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease, Arrhytmia, or Heart Failure. The main risk factor analyzed is smoking behavior. The data used for this study was from Basic Health Survey of 2007, a National baseline data collected every three years which consist of more than one million samples representing 33 provinces in Indonesia. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, history of CVDs and smoking behavior were collected by highly-trained interviewers using a questionnaire which had been tested. A sub-sample of the survey consisting of 100,009 males aged 45 years and over was analyzed. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) were analyzed using logistic regressions to estimate the prevalence of CVDs by smoking behavior and socio-demographic characteristics. Overall, 86.8% respondents reported that they had never been diagnosed as having CVDs or having any symptom of CVDs.; while 2.1% respondents reported that they had been diagnosed by a health professional (a doctor or a nurse) of having CVDs. The interviewers also identified three signs and symptoms of CVDs for all respondents if they reported of never been diagnosed CVDs. Among all respondents 2.3% had symptoms of coronary heart disease, 4.9% had symptoms of arrhytmia, and 3.9% had symptoms of heart failure. The prevalence of CVDs was significantly higher in former smokers (OR = 2.03), and duration of smoking for more than 20 years. The prevalence of CVDs was significantly higher among older groups. Old males who lived in Sulawesi island had higher probability of having CVDs (OR = 1.67). The lower prevalence of CVDs seemed to have associated with higher among Senior High School Graduate compared to those who Never Schooling (OR = 0.8). Since population of Indonesia is relatively young, the future of health care costs of Indonesia would be high due to high prevalence of smoking among males population. This finding suggests that Indonesia should ratify Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ans start impelementing measures to control tobacco uses in order to reduce public health and economic consequences of smoking in the future.
机译：本研究的主要目的是呈现血管血管疾病（CVDS）定义的患病率，被诊断或具有冠心病，ARRHYTMIA或心力衰竭的症状。分析的主要风险因素是吸烟行为。本研究中使用的数据来自2007年的基本健康调查，每三年收集的国家基线数据，其中包括超过一百万个代表印度尼西亚省的33个省份。有关社会人口特征，CVDS和吸烟行为的历史的信息由经过高训练的访员使用已经测试的调查问卷收集。分析了由45岁及以上的100,009名男性组成的调查的子样本。使用逻辑回归分析粗糙和调整的差距（或）以估计通过吸烟行为和社会人口特征来估算CVD的患病率。总体而言，86.8％的受访者报告说，他们从未被诊断为具有CVDS或具有CVDS的任何症状。虽然2.1％的受访者报告说，他们已被患有CVDS的健康专业人员（医生或护士）诊断出来。如果他们报告从未被诊断出来的CVDS，则面试官还确定了所有受访者的三个迹象和症状。在所有受访者中，2.3％有冠心病的症状，4.9％有Arrhytmia的症状，3.9％有心力衰竭的症状。前吸烟者（或= 2.03）的CVDS患病率明显高，吸烟持续时间超过20年。老年群体中CVD的患病率显着高。住在苏拉威西岛的老男性具有更高的概率，具有CVDS（或= 1.67）。与从未上学的人（或= 0.8）相比，CVDS的较低流行似乎与高中毕业生相比较高。由于印度尼西亚的人口相对年轻，因此由于男性群体中的吸​​烟率高，印度尼西亚的医疗保健成本的未来将很高。这一发现表明，印度尼西亚应批准烟草控制框架公约，开始拦截控制烟草用途的措施，以减少未来吸烟的公共卫生和经济后果。

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