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首页> 外文期刊>Genomics >Genome-wide identification, expression profiling, and network analysis of AT-hook gene family in maize
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Genome-wide identification, expression profiling, and network analysis of AT-hook gene family in maize

机译：玉米钩基因家族的基因组型鉴定，表达分析和网络分析

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AT-hook motif nuclear localized (AHL) genes have diverse but poorly understood biological functions. We identified and analyzed 37 AHL genes in maize. We also discovered four and one additional AHLs in rice and sorghum, respectively, besides those reported earlier. The maize AHLs were classified into two clades (A and B) and three distinct types (I, II, and III) as also reported in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic and ortholog analyses showed that, while the evolutionary classification was conserved in plants, expansion of the AHL gene family in maize was accompanied with new biological functions. Gene structure analysis showed that, while all but one Type-I AHLs lacked an intron, origin of Type-II and Type-III AHLs was associated with the gain of introns suggesting evolutionarily distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns and, likely, neofunctionalization. Gene duplication analysis revealed that AHLs in maize expanded via dispersive duplication further supporting their functional diversity. To discern these functions, we analyzed 71 transcriptomes from diverse tissues and developmental stages of maize and classified AHLs into eight groups with distinct temporal/spatial expression profiles. Coexpression analysis implicated 5 AHLs and 33 novel genes in networks specific to endosperm, seed, root, leaf, and reproductive tissues indicating their role in the development of these organs. Major processes coregulated by AHLs include pollen development, drought response, senescence, and wound response. We also identified interactions of AHL proteins in coregulating important processes including stress response. These novel insights into the role of AHLs in plant development provide a platform for functional analyses in maize and related grasses.
机译：在钩子基质核局部化（AHL）基因具有多元化但不太理解的生物功能。我们鉴定并分析了玉米中的37个AHL基因。除了早些时候报告的情况下，我们还在稻米和高粱中发现了四次和一个额外的AHLS。玉米AHL分为拟南芥中还报告的两种曲巾（A和B）和三种不同类型（I，II和III）。系统发育和矫形器分析表明，虽然在植物中保守了进化分类，但玉米AHL基因家族的扩增伴有新的生物学功能。基因结构分析表明，虽然除了一个类型-I AHLS缺乏内含子，但II型和III型AHL的起源与内含子的增益有关，旨在表达出现不同的时间和空间表达模式，并且可能是新功能化。基因复制分析显示玉米中的AHL通过进一步支持其功能多样性的分散复制来扩展。为了辨别这些功能，我们分析了从多样化组织和玉米的发育阶段的转录常数分析到具有不同的时间/空间表达型材的八组的八个组。共表达分析涉及特异于胚乳，种子，根，叶和生殖组织特异性的网络中的5 AHL和33个新基因，表明它们在这些器官的发育中的作用。 AHLS内核的主要方法包括花粉发育，干旱反应，衰老和伤口反应。我们还鉴定了AHL蛋白在内核重要过程中的相互作用，包括压力反应。这些新颖的见解对AHLS在植物开发中的作用提供了玉米和相关草中功能分析的平台。

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