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首页> 外文期刊>Geoscientific Model Development >Systematic bias in evaluating chemical transport models with maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) surface ozone for air quality applications: a case study with GEOS-Chem v9.02
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Systematic bias in evaluating chemical transport models with maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) surface ozone for air quality applications: a case study with GEOS-Chem v9.02

机译：系统偏见评估最高8小时平均（MDA8）表面臭氧的化学传输模型，用于空气质量应用：用Geos-Chem V9.02进行一个案例研究

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摘要

Chemical transport models frequently evaluate their simulation of surface ozone with observations of the maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) concentration, which is the standard air quality policy metric. This requires successful simulation of the surface ozone diurnal cycle including nighttime depletion, but models often have difficulty simulating this diurnal cycle for a number of reasons, including (1)?vertical grid structure in the surface layer, (2)?timing of changes in mixed layer dynamics and ozone deposition velocity across the day–night transition, (3)?poor representation of nighttime stratification, and (4)?uncertainties in ozone nighttime deposition. We analyze the problem with the GEOS-Chem model, taking as a representative case study the Southeast US during the NASA SEAC4RS aircraft campaign in August–September?2013. The model is unbiased relative to the daytime mixed layer aircraft observations but has a mean +8 ppb bias at its lowest level (65 m) relative to MDA8 surface ozone observations. The bias can be corrected to +5 ppb by implicit sampling of the model at the 10 m altitude of the surface observations. The model does not capture frequent observed occurrences of 20 ppb MDA8 surface ozone on rainy days, possibly because of enhanced ozone deposition to wet surfaces that is unaccounted for. Restricting the surface ozone evaluation to dry days still shows inconsistencies with MDA8 ozone because of model errors in the ozone diurnal cycle. Restricting the evaluation to afternoon ozone completely removes the bias. We conclude that better representation of diurnal variations in mixed layer dynamics and ozone deposition velocities is needed in models to properly describe the diurnal cycle of ozone.
机译：化学传输模型经常评估其表面臭氧的模拟，观察最大每日8小时平均（MDA8）浓度，这是标准的空气质量政策度量。这需要成功模拟表面臭氧昼夜循环，包括夜间耗尽，但模型通常难以模拟这一昼夜循环的原因，包括（1）？表面层中的垂直网格结构，（2）？变化的时序在日夜过渡的混合层动力学和臭氧沉积速度，（3）？夜间分层的不良表示差，（4）？臭氧夜间沉积中的不确定性。我们分析了Geos-Chem模型的问题，作为一个代表性案例在美国国家航空航天局 - 9月 - 9月在美国宇航局SeaC4RS飞机运动中研究了美国东南部的案例研究？2013年。该模型相对于白天混合层飞行器观察，但相对于MDA8表面臭氧观察，其最低水平（65米）的平均+8ppb偏差是平均+8ppb偏差。通过在表面观测的10米海拔地区隐含模型的采样，可以将偏差校正为+5ppb。该模型在雨天上捕获频繁观察到的<20 ppb MDA8表面臭氧的发生，可能是因为增强了臭氧沉积到未占用的湿表面。限制表面臭氧评估对干燥的日子仍然表现出与MDA8臭氧的不一致，因为臭氧昼夜循环中的模型误差。将评估限制为下午臭氧完全消除偏差。我们得出结论，在模型中需要更好地表示混合层动力学和臭氧沉积速度的昼夜变化，以适当描述臭氧的昼夜循环。

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