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Quantifying the climate change effects of bioenergy systems: Comparison of 15 impact assessment methods

机译：量化生物能源系统的气候变化效应：15种影响评估方法的比较

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Ongoing concern over climate change has led to interest in replacing fossil energy with bioenergy. There are different approaches to quantitatively estimate the climate change effects of bioenergy systems. In the present work, we have focused on a range of published impact assessment methods that vary due to conceptual differences in the treatment of biogenic carbon fluxes, the type of climate change impacts they address and differences in time horizon and time preference. Specifically, this paper reviews fifteen different methods and applies these to three hypothetical bioenergy case studies: (a) woody biomass grown on previously forested land; (b) woody biomass grown on previous pasture land; and (b) annual energy crop grown on previously cropped land. Our analysis shows that the choice of method can have an important influence on the quantification of climate change effects of bioenergy, particularly when a mature forest is converted to bioenergy use as it involves a substantial reduction in biomass carbon stocks. Results are more uniform in other case studies. In general, results are more sensitive to specific impact assessment methods when they involve both emissions and removals at different points in time, such as for forest bioenergy, but have a much smaller influence on agricultural bioenergy systems grown on land previously used for pasture or annual cropping. The development of effective policies for climate change mitigation through renewable energy use requires consistent and accurate approaches to identification of bioenergy systems that can result in climate change mitigation. The use of different methods for the same purpose: estimating the climate change effects of bioenergy systems, can lead to confusing and contradictory conclusions. A full interpretation of the results generated with different methods must be based on an understanding that the different methods focus on different aspects of climate change?and represent different time preferences.
机译：对气候变化的持续担忧导致利用生物能量替代化石能。定量估计生物能源系统的气候变化影响有不同的方法。在目前的工作中，我们专注于一系列出版的影响评估方法，由于生物碳通量的治疗概念差异，气候变化的类型会影响它们地址和时间偏好的差异。具体而言，本文评论了十五种不同的方法，并将这些应用于三个假想的生物能源案例研究：（A）在以前森林的土地上种植的木质生物量; （b）以前的牧场种植的木质生物量; （b）在以前裁剪的土地上生长的年度能量作物。我们的分析表明，方法的选择可以对生物能量的气候变化作用的量化产生重要影响，特别是当成熟的森林转化为生物能源时，因为它涉及生物量碳股的大幅减少。结果在其他案例研究方面更加均匀。一般而言，当时它们涉及在不同点的排放和除去时，结果对特定影响评估方法更敏感，例如用于森林生物能量，但对以前用于牧场或年度的土地种植的农业生物能源系统有更小的影响裁剪。通过可再生能源使用的气候变化减缓有效政策的制定需要一致和准确的方法来鉴定可能导致气候变化缓解的生物能源系统。使用不同方法的相同用途：估算生物能源系统的气候变化影响，可能导致混淆和矛盾的结论。完全解释不同方法生成的结果必须基于理解，不同的方法专注于气候变化的不同方面？并且代表不同的时间偏好。

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