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Comparing Scots pine regeneration established by sowing and planting at various times of year

机译：比较通过在一年中播种和种植建立的苏格兰松树再生

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the practical feasibility of two forest regeneration methods using Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. To this end, comparative experiments were established in the Z?otoryja and Legnica Forest Districts. The site in Z?otoryja had been clear cut, while the experimental plot in Legnica was established at a location damaged by wind in 2009 and cleared from wind throws and wind-broken trees before the experiment. Four different dates for sowing and two for planting were chosen in order to investigate the potential forest regeneration with respect to time. Both experiments were established according to the same design: a complete random block design with five replication blocks. To each plot we applied approximately 53 g (1.2 kg/ha) of seeds and planted 230 seedlings (10 200 seedlings/ha). In 2017, the height of the pine trees was recorded and their increment in height was measured in 2016 as well as 2017. A preliminary analysis of results was conducted using ANOVA for multiple experiments in order to identify significant differences and to then combine variables to form homogeneous groups to which the Duncan multiple range test could be applied. For growth traits, the ANOVA showed significant differences between experimental sights as well as a significant interaction of factors with the experimental site. In terms of planting, April was the most advantageous resulting in the greatest tree height in both forest districts, while in the Legnica Forest District the saplings planted in April also showed the greatest annual increments. Among the sowing dates, the most advantageous was the winter sowing, while the April sowing date produced the least desirable results. In conclusion, both sowing and planting are effective methods to establish pine cultures in coniferous forest. Furthermore, both methods may be performed at the currently recommended spring date, but they may also be postponed to summer and winter dates provided favorable weather conditions prevail.
机译：本研究的目的是评估使用Scots Pine Pinus Sylvestris L的两种森林再生方法的实际可行性。到此，在Z？Otoryja和Legnica Forest地区建立了比较实验。 Z？Otoryja的网站已经明确削减，而在2009年被风损坏的位置，在损坏的位置建立了Legnica的实验图，并在实验前从风力抛出和风碎的树木。选择了四种不同的播种日期和两个用于种植，以研究相对于时间的潜在森林再生。这两个实验都是根据相同的设计建立：一个完整​​的随机块设计，具有五个复制块。对于每种曲线，我们施用约53克（1.2千克/公顷）种子，种植230个幼苗（10200幼苗/公顷）。 2017年，记录了松树的高度，2016年衡量了它们的高度增量，以及2017年。使用ANOVA进行多个实验进行结果进行初步分析，以确定显着差异，然后将变量组合成形可以应用Duncan多距离测试的均匀组。对于生长特征，ANOVA在实验景点与实验部位的因素的显着相互作用表现出显着的差异。在种植方面，4月份是森林地区最伟大的树高，而在4月份的林地森林区的树苗中也表现出最大的年增长率。在播种日期中，最有利的是冬季播种，而4月播种日期产生了最不可取的结果。总之，播种和种植都是在针叶林中建立杉木培养的有效方法。此外，两种方法都可以在当前推荐的春天日期进行，但它们也可能被推迟到夏季，冬季日期提供了有利的天气条件。

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