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首页> 外文期刊>Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions >Seismic hazard in low slip rate crustal faults, estimating the characteristic event and the most hazardous zone: study case San Ramón Fault, in southern Andes
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Seismic hazard in low slip rate crustal faults, estimating the characteristic event and the most hazardous zone: study case San Ramón Fault, in southern Andes

机译：低滑动率地壳断层的地震危害，估计特色事件和最具危险区：学习案例SAN RAMONN故障，在南部和南部

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Crustal faults located close to cities may induce catastrophic damages. When recurrence times are in the range of 1000–10?000 or higher, actions to mitigate the effects of the associated earthquake are hampered by the lack of a full seismic record, and in many cases, also of geological evidences. In order to characterize the fault behavior and its effects, we propose three different already-developed time-integration methodologies to define the most likely scenarios of rupture, and then to quantify the hazard with an empirical equation of peak ground acceleration (PGA). We consider the following methodologies: (1)?stream gradient and (2)?sinuosity indexes to estimate fault-related topographic effects, and (3)?gravity profiles across the fault to identify the fault scarp in the basement. We chose the San Ramón Fault on which to apply these methodologies. It is a ?～?30?km N–S trending fault with a low slip rate (0.1–0.5?mm?yr?1) and an approximated recurrence of 9000?years. It is located in the foothills of the Andes near the large city of Santiago, the capital of Chile (>?6?000?000 inhabitants). Along the fault trace we define four segments, with a mean length of ?～?10?km, which probably become active independently. We tested the present-day seismic activity by deploying a local seismological network for 1?year, finding five events that are spatially related to the fault. In addition, fault geometry along the most evident scarp was imaged in terms of its electrical resistivity response by a high resolution TEM (transient electromagnetic) profile. Seismic event distribution and TEM imaging allowed the constraint of the fault dip angle (～?65°) and its capacity to break into the surface. Using the empirical equation of Chiou and Youngs?(2014) for crustal faults and considering the characteristic seismic event (thrust high-angle fault, ?～?10?km, Mw??=??6.2–6.7), we estimate the acceleration distribution in Santiago and the hazardous zones. City domains that are under high risk include the hanging wall zone covered by sediments and narrow zones where the fault could break the surface. Over these domains horizontal PGA can be greater than 0.5?g and eventually produce building collapse.
机译：靠近城市的地壳断层可能会造成灾难性的损害。当复发时间在1000-10？000或更高的范围内时，通过缺乏全面的地震记录，以及许多情况下，以及地质证据的缺乏行动，以减轻相关地震的影响。为了表征故障行为及其效果，我们提出了三种不同的已经开发的时间集成方法来定义最可能的破裂情景，然后用峰接地加速度（PGA）的经验方程量化危险。我们考虑以下方法：（1）？流梯度和（2）？秩序指数以估计与故障相关的地形效果，（3）？在故障上识别地下室中的故障围巾。我们选择了SanRamón的故障，用于应用这些方法。这是一个？〜？30？Km N-S趋势故障，低滑率（0.1-0.5？mm？YR？1）和9000岁的近似复发。它位于智利的大城市圣地亚哥附近的安第斯山脉的山麓（>？6？000？000居民）。沿着故障跟踪我们定义四个段，平均长度为？〜？10？Km，这可能独立变为活跃。我们通过部署当地地震网络1年来测试本日地震活动，找到五个与故障相关的五个事件。此外，通过高分辨率TEM（瞬态电磁）轮廓的电阻率响应，沿着最明显围巾的故障几何形状。地震事件分布和TEM成像允许故障倾角（〜〜65°）的约束及其分解到表面的容量。利用Chiou和Youngs的经验方程式？（2014）用于地壳故障，考虑特征地震事件（推力高角度故障，？〜？10？Km，MW ?? = ?? 6.2-6.7），我们估计加速度分布在圣地亚哥和危险区。高风险的城市领域包括沉积物覆盖的悬挂墙区域和窄区，其中故障可能会破坏表面。在这些域上，水平PGA可以大于0.5？G，最终产生建筑坍塌。

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