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The role of phosphorylation in the elasticity of the tethers that connect telomeres of separating anaphase chromosomes

机译：磷酸化在连接分离后染色体分离的细胞系的弹性中的作用

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Elastic tethers, connecting telomeres of all separating anaphase chromosome pairs, lose elasticity when they lengthen during anaphase. Treatment with phosphatase inhibitor CalyculinA causes anaphase chromosomes to move backwards after they reach the poles, suggesting that dephosphorylation causes loss of tether elasticity. We added 50nM CalyculinA to living anaphase crane-fly spermatocytes with different length tethers. When tethers were short, almost all partner chromosomes moved backwards after nearing the poles. When tethers were longer, fewer chromosomes moved backwards. With yet longer tethers none moved backward. This is consistent with tether elasticity being lost by dephosphorylation. 50nM CalyculinA blocks both PP1 and PP2A. To distinguish between PP1 and PP2A we treated cells with short tethers with 50nM okadaic acid which blocks solely PP2A, or with 1μM okadaic acid which blocks both PP1 and PP2A. Only 1μM okadaic acid caused chromosomes to move backward. Thus, tether elasticity is lost because of dephosphorylation by PP1.
机译：弹性计时，连接所有分离后的染色体对的端粒，当延长在后脱发期间时失去弹性。磷酸酶抑制剂的治疗钙霉素导致后染色体在到达杆后向后移动，表明去磷酸化导致系绳弹性损失。我们加入了50nm Calyculina，以生活的含有不同长度的脱落起重机 - 飞行的精子细胞。当有时很短时，几乎所有合作伙伴染色体都在接近杆后向后移动。当有微米的时间更长时，较少的染色体向后移动。随着时间更长的，无需落后。这与通过去磷酸化失去的系绳弹性一致。 50nm calyculina阻断PP1和PP2A。区分PP1和PP2A，我们将细胞与短的细胞与50nm的冈卡米酸间块，其单独阻断PP2A，或用1μM冈卡米酸阻断PP1和PP2A。只有1μM的冈卡米酸导致染色体向后移动。因此，由于PP1的磷酸化，因此损失系带弹性。

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