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Impact of applied silvicultural systems on spatial pattern of hornbeam-oak forests

机译：应用造林系统对角煤层林空间模式的影响

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The spatial pattern of forest closely affects tree competition that drives the most of processes in forest ecosystems. Therefore, we focused on evaluation of the horizontal structure of high forest, coppice with standards and low forest in hornbeam-oak forests in the Protected Landscape Area ??esk?? kras (Czech Republic). The horizontal structure of tree layer individuals with crown projection centroids and natural regeneration was analysed for durmast oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) stands. Horizontal structure of the tree stems of the studied tree species in high forest was random, in oak it was moderately regular. In coppice with standards it was random in oak, in hornbeam and linden it was aggregated within 3 a?? 5 m and random up to a larger spacing. In low forest at a distance of 4 a?? 6 m the horizontal structure of the three studied tree species was aggregated while it was random at a larger spacing. The horizontal structure of natural regeneration was aggregated in all forest types. In coppice with standards and high forest, parent stand had significant negative effect on the natural regeneration at smaller distance (to 1.4 m from the stem). Crown centroids were more regularly distributed than tree stems, especially in low forest (2.0 m) and in linden (2.3 m). Our results contribute to existing knowledge about silvicultural systems and their impact on hornbeam-oak forests with implications for forest management and nature protection.
机译：森林的空间模式密切影响树竞争，驱动森林生态系统中的大部分过程。因此，我们专注于评估高森林的水平结构，在受保护的景观区的角间橡木林中的标准和低林中的普通植物的水平结构？克拉斯（捷克共和国）。分析了具有冠凸起质心和天然再生的树木层个体的水平结构，用于Durmast Oak（栎属宠物（Matt。）LieBl。），欧洲角钻（Carpinus Betulus L.）和小叶林登（Tilia Cordata Mill）的立场。在高森林中学习树种的树木的水平结构是随机的，在橡木中，它是正常的。在oppice中，它在橡木中随机，在菱形和菩提中，它在3 a中汇总了5米和随机达到更大的间距。在低森林的距离为4 a ?? 6米在较大间隔时汇集了三种研究的树种的水平结构。在所有森林类型中聚集天然再生的水平结构。在具有标准和高森林的Coppice中，父母级对自然再生具有显着的负面影响，距离较小的距离（距离茎1.4米）。冠状物质比树木茎更加定期，特别是在低森林（2.0米）和林登（2.3米）中。我们的成果促进了造林系统的现有知识及其对森林管理和自然保护影响的影响。

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