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Annual tree mortality and felling rates in the Czech Republic and Slovakia over three decades

机译：捷克共和国和斯洛伐克的年度树死亡率和三十年

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Although tree mortality is an essential process in forests, tree death still remains one of the least understood phenomena of forest development and dynamics. Therefore, we focused on annual mortality rates together with annual felling rates in the Slovak and Czech forests. We used data from the long-term national monitoring (periods of 1988a??2017 in Slovakia and 1992a??2017 in the Czech Republic). More than 24.6 thousand trees were assessed together in both countries. We calculated mortality and felling rates derived from two variables: basal area and number of trees. For these purposes, we selected five tree species/genera, specifically: Norway spruce, pines, European beech, oaks and common hornbeam. We recorded large inter-annual fluctuations of mortality rates in all tree species/genera. In both countries, spruce and pines had the highest mortality rates, while beech had the lowest mortality rates. Confrontation of long-term climatic data (especially annual precipitation totals) with mortality data indicated that drought was probably the most relevant factor causing tree death. On the other hand, no significant temporal trend, either increasing or decreasing, in tree mortality was found for any tree species/genera. As for all five selected tree species/genera together, significantly higher mean annual mortality rate derived from the number of trees was found in the Czech Republic (1.09%) than in Slovakia (0.56%). This finding indicates that tree mortality is often caused by combined effects of external unfavourable factors and competition pressure in forest stands.
机译：虽然树死亡率是森林中的重要过程，但树死仍然是森林发展​​和动态的最不理解现象之一。因此，我们专注于年度死亡率以及斯洛伐克和捷克森林的年度砍伐率。我们使用了来自长期国家监测的数据（在斯洛伐克和1992年的1988年的时间为1988年，2017年在捷克共和国）。两国都会在两国分析超过246,000棵树。我们计算了来自两个变量的死亡率和砍伐率：基础区域和树木数量。出于这些目的，我们选择了五种树种/属，具体：挪威云杉，松树，欧洲山毛榉，橡树和普通角束。我们在所有树种/属中记录了大量的死亡率波动。在两国，云杉和松树都有最高的死亡率，而山毛榉的死亡率最低。具有死亡率数据的长期气候数据（特别是年降水量）的对抗表明干旱可能是导致树脂的最相关因素。另一方面，对于任何树种/白身都发现了树质死亡率的显着时间趋势，无论是增加还是降低。至于所有五个选定的树种/白身的共同，在捷克共和国（1.09％）中发现的树木数量明显较高的年死亡率，比在斯洛伐克（0.56％）。该发现表明树死亡率通常是由于外部不利因素和森林中竞争压力的综合影响引起的。

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