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首页> 外文期刊>Lesnicky casopis >Assisted migration vs. close-to-nature forestry: what are the prospects for tree populations under climate change?
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Assisted migration vs. close-to-nature forestry: what are the prospects for tree populations under climate change?

机译：辅助迁移与自然林业：气候变化下的树木人口的前景是什么？

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Climate change is currently perceived as the most important challenge faced globally by ecosystems and human society. The predicted changes of temperature and precipitation patterns are expected to alter the environmental conditions to which forest trees in Europe are adapted, and expose them to new pests and pathogens. This would unavoidably lead to a huge loss of ecosystem services provided to society, and at the local scale may potentially endanger the very existence of forests. In this study, we reviewed biological background and limits of mechanisms by which tree populations may cope with climate change: adaptation by natural selection, gene flow, epigenetic phenomena and phenotypic plasticity, as well as forest management strategies, which rely on these mechanisms. We argue that maintaining genetic diversity is important in the long-term view but natural selection cannot ensure sufficiently rapid response to environmental change. On the other hand, epigenetic memory effects may change adaptively relevant traits within a single generation, while close-to-nature forestry practices are the basic requirement to make use of epigenetics. Assisted migration, as a frequently suggested mitigation option, relies primarily on the knowledge gained from provenance research; the review analyses potential pitfalls of this strategy. We suggest that all approaches, i.e., leaving a part of forests without management, close-to-nature forestry, and transfer of forest reproductive materials from sources presumably adapted to future climates are combined across the landscape in an integrative manner.
机译：目前，气候变化目前被生态系统和人类社会全球所面临的最重要的挑战。预计温度和降水模式的预测变化预计会改变欧洲森林树木适应的环境条件，并将其暴露于新的害虫和病原体。这将不可避免地导致对社会提供的生态系统服务巨大损失，并且在当地规模可能会危及森林的存在。在本研究中，我们审查了树种群可能应对气候变化的生物学背景和机制的限制：通过自然选择，基因流动，表观现象和表型可塑性以及森林管理策略来适应依赖于这些机制。我们认为，维持遗传多样性在长期视图中很重要，但自然选择不能确保对环境变化的充分快速应对。另一方面，表观遗传记忆效应可能在一代内的自适应相关的性状变化，而近乎自然的林业实践是利用外膜遗传学的基本要求。作为经常建议的缓解期权，协助移民主要依赖于从出现研究中获得的知识;审查分析了这一战略的潜在陷阱。我们建议所有方法，即离开一部分森林，没有管理层，近乎自然林业和从可能适应未来气候的来源转移森林生殖材料在综合态度上相结合。

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