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首页> 外文期刊>Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura >Incidência de doen?as e necessidade de controle em cultivo protegido de videira
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Incidência de doen?as e necessidade de controle em cultivo protegido de videira

机译：疾病的发病率和受保护的葡萄种植中的控制

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The plastic overhead cover (POC) of grapes is increasing in Brazilian vineyards aiming to reduce physical and biological damages. The objectives of this work had been to characterize the incidence and severity of diseases, and, consequently, the needs of control, as well as to evaluate the residues of fungicides in POC conditions. The experiment was installed in 2005/2006, in Flores da Cunha-RS, in a vineyard cv. Moscato Giallo, led in "Y Shape", with impermeable plastic covering (160μm), in 12 rows with 35m, being left 5 rows without covering (control). In both areas, the microclimate was evaluated with relationship to the presence of free water ( visual register ), temperature (T), relative humidity (UR) of the air, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed (WS) close to the leaves and clusters. In the covered area were only applied fungicides when necessary. In the control plants sprays were accomplished by calendar. Incidence and severity of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), botrytis (Botrytis cinerea), rip rot (Glomerella cingulata) and sour rot (imperfect yeasts) were evaluated in each area during the flowering and ripening. The impermeable plastic covering increased the air temperature at the leaves level, and did not influenced the relative humidity of the air, but reduced the photosynthetically active radiation and the wind speed, and restricted the free water drastically on the leaves and clusters. The covered area needed only two sprays for the powdery mildew control, while in the discovered area 17 sprays were accomplished for control of fungal diseases. There were no incidence of diseases in the flowering evaluation in both treatments, however in the ripening period there was significant decrease of incidence of sour rot (-77.10%) and severity of rip rot (-89.47%), botrytis (-57.56%) and sour rot (-84.54%). The POC increased the temperature at the leaves and clusters levels, did not have influence upon the UR, reduced the PAR and wind speed and restricted the free water drastically on the leaves. The POC did not allow the downy mildew establishment and reduced the incidence and severity of clusters rottenness, reducing the needs and the costs with control disease, and promote the smaller impacts of contamination for the environment, producer and consumer than conventional system. As the residual accumulation of fungicides is higher in POC compared to the conventional system, the control disease should be differentiated.
机译：巴西葡萄园的塑料架空盖（POC）在旨在减少身体和生物损害的葡萄园中增加。这项工作的目标是表征疾病的发病率和严重程度，因此，控制需求，以及评估PoC条件下的杀菌剂残留物。在葡萄园CV中，在2005/2006年安装了2005/2006年的弗洛雷斯·达库希队。 Moscato Giallo，带有“Y形”的LED，具有不透水的塑料覆盖物（160μm），12排，35米，留下5排而无需覆盖（控制）。在两个区域中，通过与空气的空气（视觉寄存器），温度（T），相对湿度（UR）的存在的关系来评估微气密，光合作用辐射（PAR）和靠近的风速（WS）。叶子和簇。在覆盖区域中仅在必要时应用杀菌剂。在对照植物中，喷雾通过日历完成。在开花和成熟期间，在每个区域中评估在开花和成熟期间在每个区域中评估霜霉病（Plasmopara viticola），粉状霉菌（undinaAra），Botrytis（Botrytis cinerea），roct腐肉（Glomerella cingulata）和酸性腐烂（缺乏酵母）。不透水的塑料覆盖物在叶子水平上增加了空气温度，并且没有影响空气的相对湿度，而是降低光合作用辐射和风速，并在叶子和簇上彻底地限制了自由水。覆盖区域只需要两个用于粉末状霉菌控制的喷雾，而在发现的区域中，17个喷雾是为了控制真菌疾病而完成的。两种治疗中的开花评估中没有发生疾病发生率，然而在成熟时期，酸性腐蚀的发生率显着降低（-77.10％）和RIP ROT的严重程度（-89.47％），Botrytis（-57.56％）酸腐烂（-84.54％）。 PoC增加了叶片和簇水平的温度，没有对UR的影响，降低了平板和风速，并在叶子上大大限制了自由水。 POC不允许柔软的霉菌建立并降低群集卵形的发病率和严重程度，降低控制疾病的需求和成本，并促进污染对环境，生产者和消费者的污染影响而不是传统系统。由于与常规系统相比，随着杀菌剂的残余积累较高，对照疾病应分化。

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