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首页> 外文期刊>Slovak Raptor Journal >Changes in nesting habitat of the saker falcon (Falco cherrug) influenced its diet composition and potentially threatened its population in Slovakia in the years 1976a??2016
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Changes in nesting habitat of the saker falcon (Falco cherrug) influenced its diet composition and potentially threatened its population in Slovakia in the years 1976a??2016

机译：Saker Falcon（Falco Cherrug）筑巢栖息地的变化影响了其饮食成分，并在1976年年内在斯洛伐克的人口威胁到2016年

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In the period between the years 1976 to 2016 we monitored the nesting site distribution of two populations of saker falcon (Falco cherrug) concentrated in the highlands and adjacent lowlands of western and eastern Slovakia. In western Slovakia we recorded nesting by 56 pairs and 514 nestings, and in eastern Slovakia we observed nesting by 32 pairs and 245 nestings. There were similar nesting success rates in both regions, with pairs producing on average 3.2 young in every successful nest. During the monitored period as a whole a total of 1,788 young saker falcons were raised. At the same time all the pairs gradually resettled in the lowlands, and in the new environment the nesting success rate significantly improved (81.1% compared with 57.1 % in the highlands). This change of nesting biotopes was caused by the impacts of intensive exploitation and environmentally inappropriate forest management, with the accompanying excessive disturbance of nesting birds, but at the same time the disappearance of ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) colonies led to a change in the food spectrum for the observed saker falcon pairs. We evaluated the falconsa?? feeding habits in western Slovakia between the years 1977 and 2016 (49 pairsí? 1a??17 pairs/year) and in eastern Slovakia between 2009 and 2016 (12 pairsí? 1a??3 pairs/year). Altogether 17,669 prey items were identified. From 1976 onwards mammals (Mammalia, 19.8%, 24 species) became gradually less represented as a component in the falconsa?? diet compared with birds (Aves, 79.9%, 58 species). In areas of western Slovakia we found stable and predominant proportions of domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) ranging from 52% to 62%. The proportion of pigeons was distinctly lower in eastern Slovakia (31.5%), compensated for by larger shares of common vole (Microtus arvalis), common starling (Sturnus vulgaris), Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) and hooded crow (Corvus cornix). The common starling (9.5%) was a significant prey species in the lowlands of western and eastern Slovakia alike. Mammals were mostly represented by common voles (9.8%), European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus, 5.3%), ground squirrels (2.1%) and hares (Lepus europaeus, 1.6%). Changes over time in the composition of falconsa?? prey were also evaluated over five periods in western Slovakia.
机译：在1976年至2016年之间的期间，我们监测了集中在西部和东斯洛伐克的高地和邻近的低地的斯坦猎鹰（Falco Cherrug）的嵌套网站分布。在斯洛伐克西部，我们录制了56对和514个嵌套，以及在东部斯洛伐克，我们观察到嵌套32对和245个嵌套。两个地区都有类似的筑巢成功率，同对平均生产每一个成功的巢穴。在监测期间，整个总共筹集了1,788名年轻山猎鹰。与此同时，所有对逐渐重新安置在低地，并且在新环境中，筑巢成功率明显改善（81.1％，高地57.1％）。这种嵌套生物缺陷的变化是由强化剥削和环保不适当的森林管理的影响引起的，随着嵌套鸟类的过度扰动，但同时地松鼠（Permermophilus citellus）殖民地的消失导致了食物的变化观察到的Saker Falcon对的光谱。我们评估了Falconsa？ 1977年和2016年之间的斯洛伐克西部喂养习惯（49对？1A ?? 17对/年）和2009年至2016年的东部斯洛伐克（12对？1A ?? 3双/年）。确定了17,669个猎物项目。从1976年开始哺乳动物（Mammalia，19.8％，24种）逐渐减少为Falconsa的组成部分？饮食与鸟类（Aves，79.9％，58种）相比。在斯洛伐克西部地区，我们发现了稳定和主要的国内鸽子（Columba Livia F.）的比例为52％至62％。东部斯洛伐克（31.5％）的鸽子比例明显较低，由普通牧鼠（Microtus Arvalis），普通椋鸟（俗气），欧亚喜鹊（Pica Pica）和连帽乌鸦（Corvus Cornix）进行补偿。共同的椋鸟（9.5％）是西部和东部和东部的低地都是一个重要的猎物。哺乳动物主要由常见的葡萄球群（9.8％），欧洲仓鼠（克里克斯克里克斯，5.3％），地松鼠（2.1％）和野兔（Lepuseuropaeus，1.6％）表示。 Falconsa的组成随时间的变化？猎物也在西部斯洛伐克西部的五个时期进行了评估。

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