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The tragedy of responsibility in high Asia: modernizing traditional pastoral practices and preserving modernist worldviews

机译：高亚洲责任的悲剧：现代化的传统田园实践和保护现代主义世界观

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The nomadism/pastoralism debate has always been closely connected to discourses about modernization theories whenever development issues were at stake. While the mainstream debates have changed since stage models apparently became outdated, it is surprising that the Chinese development model seems to adhere to classical modernization theory. Consequently, it appears worthwhile to consider present challenges in the pastoral sector first from the Chinese perspective and, second, in comparison with the situation in neighbouring countries.The discussion reveals that the Chinese model is quite different from neighbouring countries' practices and is embedded in an authoritarian approach that suggests similarities with the implementation of a development model during the collectivization phases in the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, when Stalinist- and Mao Zedong-inspired models were implemented under autonomy and sedentarization regimes. Nevertheless, the present context is quite different because ecological degradation of pastures and the non-existent closure of the development gap between affluent urbanites and remote farmers and pastoralists have been addressed by implementing the present resettlement programmes.In China's pastoralism regions, the tragedy of responsibility is related to top-down approaches without adequate participation of stakeholders. In neighbouring countries, pastoralists tend to complain about negligence by state authorities, non-binding regulations and arbitrariness by powerful actors. Countries such as India and Pakistan are still reworking their colonial legacies and trying to adapt pasture legislation to the demands of rangeland management and nature protection.
机译：每当发展问题处于危害时，游牧民主义/牧人辩论始终与现代化理论的话语密切相关。虽然主流辩论发生了变化，因为舞台模型显然变得过时，但令人惊讶的是，中国的发展模式似乎坚持古典现代化理论。因此，从中国的角度来看，它看起来值得考虑牧区的挑战，并与邻国的情况相比。讨论表明，中国模型与邻国的做法完全不同，嵌入在苏联和中华人民共和国的集体化阶段在苏联和毛泽东风格的模型下在自主和叛派制度下实施时，旨在实现与中华人民共和国的发展模式的相似性。然而，目前的背景是完全不同的，因为通过实施当前的移民安置计划来解决牧场和牧师与牧师之间的发展差距的生态退化和不存在的闭幕，通过实施当前的移民安置计划来解决。在中国的牧区地区，责任悲剧与利益相关者的充分参与无效，与自上而下的方法有关。在邻国，牧民倾向于抱怨国家当局的疏忽，不合格的法规和强大的行动者的武装。印度和巴基斯坦等国家仍然重新加工殖民地遗产，并试图使牧场立法适应牧场管理和自然保护的要求。

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