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Umbilic Lines in Orientational Order

机译:脐带线以定位顺序

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Three-dimensional orientational order in systems whose ground states possess nonzero gradients typically exhibits linelike structures or defects: λ lines in cholesterics or Skyrmion tubes in ferromagnets, for example. Here, we show that such lines can be identified as a set of natural geometric singularities in a unit vector field, the generalization of the umbilic points of a surface. We characterize these lines in terms of the natural vector bundles that the order defines and show that they give a way to localize and identify Skyrmion distortions in chiral materials—in particular, that they supply a natural representative of the Poincaré dual of the cocycle describing the topology. Their global structure leads to the definition of a self-linking number and helicity integral which relates the linking of umbilic lines to the Hopf invariant of the texture.
机译:在稳定的系统中具有非零梯度的系统中的三维取向顺序通常呈现衬里结构或缺陷:例如,胆固体中的胆固体或臭氧管中的λ线。这里,我们表明这种线可以被识别为单位矢量场中的一组自然几何奇点,表面的脐带的概括。我们以自然向量捆绑在于命令定义并表明它们提供了定位和识别手性材料中的斯基义扭曲的方法,特别是它们为描述的洋西甘露的双重群体提供了自然代表的方法拓扑。它们的全球结构导致自连接数和螺旋积分的定义,这与脐带线的连接与纹理的Hopf不变。

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