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Начало масштабной политической реформы в России: новый поворот в 2020 г.

机译：俄罗斯大规模政治改革的开始：2020年的新转

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? The subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of the draft political and constitutional reform that was announced in the last Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly at January 15, 2020. The purpose of the article is to try to predict the positive and negative consequences of changing the legal status of the highest Russian authorities. The methodology of the study includes analysis and interpretation of Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly and Russian Constitution as well as dialectical approach and methods of political science. The main results and scope of their application. For a long time there was a clear request for changes in the government, and various expert platforms discussed issues related to changing the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which was adopted at a national referendum in December 1993. On January 15, 2020, Vladimir Putin addressed his 16th message to the Parliament. In accordance with the Constitution, the President of Russia annually addresses the Federal Assembly with a message on the situation in the country and on the main directions of domestic and foreign policy. The last address turned out to be a landmark and historical one, as it announced the main provisions of the upcoming large-scale political and constitutional reform in Russia. Heads of constituent entities, members of the State Duma and the Federation Council, Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Ministers, Federal Ministers, heads of Federal bodies, judges will no longer be able to have foreign citizenship or a foreign residence permit. He proposed even more stringent requirements for a candidate for the post of Pres-ident: no foreign citizenship or residence permit even in the past, as well as permanent residence in Russia for at least 25 years. The position of the State Council is being strength-ened and it is reflected in the Constitution of the Russian Federation as an institution of power in the country. The position of the Federal Assembly is strengthened by the fact that the Parliament is given the right to approve the candidacy of the Prime Minister, as well as all Deputy Prime Ministers and Federal Ministers. The status of local self-government and the role of governors in the regions is being raised. ?The main reason for the reform is the desire to reduce the powers of the President and transfer part of them to the Parliament, so that the next President is no longer endowed with virtually absolute power, and, in turn, can not initiate another reform without the ap-proval of all branches of government. ?The author of the article identifies the reasons for the political reform and gives forecasts for the future after its implementation. ? Conclusions. The author links these changes to the upcoming transfer of presidential power after 2024. The reform does not mean the transition of the Russian Federation to a parliamentary republic, since the head of state retains the status of a key figure in the political system, and it is he who has concentrated key functions. Fixing a number of social obligations in the Constitution in terms of salaries and pensions will not have a significant impact on the socio-economic situation.
机译：？主题。本文致力于在2020年1月15日在联邦大会上宣布的政治和宪法改革草案的分析。本文的目的是试图预测改变的积极和消极后果最高俄罗斯当局的法律地位。该研究的方法包括对联邦议会和俄罗斯宪法的总统地址的分析和解释以及政治学的辩证方法和方法。他们申请的主要结果和范围。很长一段时间有明确的政府改变请求，各种专家平台讨论了与改变俄罗斯联邦宪法有关的问题，该问题于1993年12月在全国公民投票中通过.2020年1月15日，弗拉基米尔普京向议会致辞第16条消息。根据宪法，俄罗斯总统每年向联邦议会致辞，就国内和国内外政策的主要方向发了一条信息。最后一份地址据称是一个地标和历史的地址，因为它宣布了俄罗斯即将到来的大规模政治和宪法改革的主要规定。成分实体，国家杜马和联邦委员会成员，总理和副总理，联邦部长，联邦机构负责人，法官将不再能够拥有外国公民身份或外籍居留许可。他为PRE-INDED职位的候选人提出了更严格的要求：即使在过去，也没有外国公民身份或居留许可，以及俄罗斯的永久居留至少25年。国务院的立场正在努力，反映在俄罗斯联邦的宪法中作为该国的权力机构。联邦集会的立场得到了议会批准总理的候选资格以及所有副总理和联邦部长的权利。正在提出局域自治的地位和地区州长的作用。 ？改革的主要原因是渴望减少总统的权力并将其中的部分转移到议会上，因此下一个总统不再赋予几乎绝对的权力，而且反过来，不能启动另一项改革没有AP普遍的政府分支机构。 ？本文的作者确定了政治改革的原因，并在实施后向未来提供预测。 ？结论。提交人将这些更改链接到2024年后的即将到来的总统权力转移。改革并不意味着俄罗斯联邦的过渡到议会共和国，因为国部门保留了政治制度的关键人物的地位，以及它他是否集中了主要功能。在薪金和养老金方面修复了宪法中的一些社会义务不会对社会经济形势产生重大影响。

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