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首页> 外文期刊>Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism. >Reduced physical activity in young and older adults: metabolic and musculoskeletal implications
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Reduced physical activity in young and older adults: metabolic and musculoskeletal implications

机译：减少年轻人和老年人的身体活动：代谢和肌肉骨骼影响

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Background: Although the health benefits of regular physical activity and exercise are well established and have been incorporated into national public health recommendations, there is a relative lack of understanding pertaining to the harmful effects of physical inactivity. Experimental paradigms including complete immobilization and bed rest are not physiologically representative of sedentary living. A useful ‘real-world’ approach to contextualize the physiology of societal downward shifts in physical activity patterns is that of short-term daily step reduction. Results: Step-reduction studies have largely focused on musculoskeletal and metabolic health parameters, providing relevant disease models for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis. In untrained individuals, even a short-term reduction in physical activity has a significant impact on skeletal muscle protein and carbohydrate metabolism, causing anabolic resistance and peripheral insulin resistance, respectively. From a metabolic perspective, short-term inactivity-induced peripheral insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, with consequent liver triglyceride accumulation, leads to hepatic insulin resistance and a characteristic dyslipidaemia. Concomitantly, various inactivity-related factors contribute to a decline in function; a reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle mass and muscle strength. Conclusions: Physical inactivity maybe particularly deleterious in certain patient populations, such as those at high risk of T2D or in the elderly, considering concomitant sarcopenia or osteoporosis. The effects of short-term physical inactivity (with step reduction) are reversible on resumption of habitual physical activity in younger people, but less so in older adults. Nutritional interventions and resistance training offer potential strategies to prevent these deleterious metabolic and musculoskeletal effects. Impact: Individuals at high risk of/with cardiometabolic disease and older adults may be more prone to these acute periods of inactivity due to acute illness or hospitalization. Understanding the risks is paramount to implementing countermeasures.
机译：背景：虽然常规体育活动和锻炼的健康益处已经成立，但已被纳入国家公共卫生建议，但缺乏有关身体不活动的有害影响的理解。实验范式包括完全固定和卧床休息并非生理学代表久坐生活。一种有用的“真实世界”方法来形成身体活动模式的社会活动模式的社会向下变化的生理学的方法是短期每日减少。结果：减少水平研究主要集中在肌肉骨骼和代谢健康参数上，为代谢综合征，2型糖尿病（T2D），非酒精性脂肪肝疾病（NAFLD），SARCOPENIA和骨质增生/骨质疏松症提供相关疾病模型。在未训练的人中，甚至身体活动的短期减少甚至对骨骼肌蛋白和碳水化合物代谢的显着影响，分别导致代谢抗性和外周胰岛素抵抗。从代谢透视，短期不活动诱导的骨骼肌和脂肪组织的外周胰岛素抵抗，随后肝甘油三酯积累，导致肝胰岛素抗性和特征性血脂血症。同时，各种不活动相关的因素有助于功能下降;减少心肺健身，肌肉质量和肌肉力量。结论：在某些患者群体中的身体不活动可能特别有害，例如T2D或老年人风险高的那些，考虑到伴随的SARCOPENIA或骨质疏松症。短期物理不活动（减少步骤）的影响是可逆的，恢复年龄较小者的习惯性身体活动，但在老年人中较少。营养干预和抵抗培训提供潜在的策略，以防止这些有害的代谢和肌肉骨骼效应。影响：患有心细素疾病和老年人的高风险的个体可能更容易发生由于急性疾病或住院所致的这些急性不活动。了解风险至关重要实施对策。

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