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首页> 外文期刊>Tropical Conservation Science >Passage Through a Bird’s Gut Confers a Germination Head Start to the Seeds of the Nightshade Witheringia stramoniifolia
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Passage Through a Bird’s Gut Confers a Germination Head Start to the Seeds of the Nightshade Witheringia stramoniifolia

机译：通过鸟的肠道赋予萌发头开始嗜睡的种子stramoniifolia

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In frugivory networks, birds offer plants the advantage of dispersing their seeds away from the parent plants in exchange for macronutrients, primarily sugars, and water. The benefits for birds are clear, as they obtain food and water from fruits, and highly variable for plants, as birds may act in ways that vary from effective dispersers to seed predators. We studied two common species that interact frequently in the frugivory network of a Neotropical, periurban park: The clay-colored thrush ( Turdus grayi) and a nightshade ( Witheringia stramoniifolia), in order to evaluate the advantage of passing its seeds through a bird’s gut. We set up an investigation using captive thrushes that we fed with fruits of W. stramoniifolia. We had four experimental treatments: in two of them, seeds that had passed through the digestive tract of thrushes were germinated under greenhouse and controlled conditions; in the remaining two treatments, we germinated seeds that were not consumed by thrushes and were likewise germinated under greenhouse and controlled conditions. W. stramoniifolia seeds consumed by birds had a germination onset that was 1 to 2?weeks earlier than nonconsumed seeds. Mean germination rate and final germinability, however, did not differ significantly among treatments. In our study, passage through a bird’s gut accelerates the germination onset of seeds, an advantage that possibly enhances seedling establishment, but is not indispensable, for the dispersal of W. stramoniifolia. This bird–plant relationship ultimately accounts to a true mutualism.
机译：在游乐道网络中，鸟类提供植物从母植物中分散种子的优势，以换取常规营养素，主要是糖和水。鸟类的益处很清楚，因为它们获得来自水果的食物和水，植物的高度变量，因为鸟类可以以不同于有效分散者对种子捕食者的方式起作用。我们研究了两种常见的物种，经常在新脑园，蠕动柱的游节网络中互动：粘土色鹅口疮（Turdus Grayi）和夜间（Stramoniifolia），以评估通过鸟的肠道通过其种子的优势。我们使用俘虏鹅口族进行了调查，我们喂养了W. Stramoniifolia的果实。我们有四种实验治疗方法：在其中两个中，通过鹅口疮的消化道的种子在温室和受控条件下萌发;在其余的两种治疗中，我们发芽的种子不会被鹅口疮所消耗，同样在温室和受控条件下发芽。 W.鸟类消耗的斯特拉莫尼紫芽糖种子萌发发病，比非报价的种子早熟为1至2个。然而，手术萌发率和最终发芽性在治疗中没有显着差异。在我们的研究中，通过鸟的肠道，通过种子的发芽发芽，这是可能增强幼苗建立的优势，但对于W.Stramoniifolia的分散而不是必不可少的。这种鸟类的关系最终占真正的共同主义。

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