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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Clinical Medicine >Muscle Cell Morphogenesis, Structure, Development and Differentiation Processes Are Significantly Regulated during Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells In Vitro Cultivation
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Muscle Cell Morphogenesis, Structure, Development and Differentiation Processes Are Significantly Regulated during Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells In Vitro Cultivation

机译：在体外培养的人卵巢粒细胞中，肌细胞形态发生，结构，发育和分化过程显着调节

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Granulosa cells (GCs) have many functions and are fundamental for both folliculogenesis and oogenesis, releasing hormones and communicating directly with the oocyte. Long-term in vitro cultures of GCs show significant stem-like characteristics. In the current study, RNA of human ovarian granulosa cells was collected at 1, 7, 15 and 30 days of long-term in vitro culture. Understanding the process of differentiation of GCs towards different cell lineages, as well as the molecular pathways underlying these mechanisms, is fundamental to revealing other possible stemness markers of this type of cell. Identifying new markers of GC plasticity may help to understand the aetiology and recurrence of a wide variety of diseases and health conditions and reveal possible clinical applications of the ovarian tissue cells, affecting not only the reproductive ability but also sex hormone production. Granulosa cells were the subject of this study, as they are readily available as remnant material leftover after in vitro fertilisation procedures and exhibit significant stem-like characteristics in culture. The change in gene expression was investigated through a range of molecular and bioinformatic analyses. Expression microarrays were used, allowing the identification of groups of genes typical of specific cellular pathways. This candidate gene study focused on ontological groups associated with muscle cell morphogenesis, structure, development and differentiation, namely, “muscle cell development”, “muscle cell differentiation”, “muscle contraction”, “muscle organ development”, “muscle organ morphogenesis”, “muscle structure development”, “muscle system process” and “muscle tissue development”. The results showed that the 10 most upregulated genes were keratin 19, oxytocin receptor, connective tissue growth factor, nexilin, myosin light chain kinase, cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3, caveolin 1, actin, activating transcription factor 3 and tropomyosin, while the 10 most downregulated consisted of epiregulin, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, transforming growth factor, interleukin, collagen, 5-hydroxytryptmine, interleukin 4, phosphodiesterase, wingless-type MMTV integration site family and SRY-box 9. Moreover, ultrastructural observations showing heterogeneity of granulosa cell population are presented in the study. At least two morphologically different subpopulations were identified: large, light coloured and small, darker cells. The expression of genes belonging to the mentioned ontological groups suggest the potential ability of GCs to differentiate and proliferate toward muscle lineage, showing possible application in muscle regeneration and the treatment of different diseases.
机译：甘蓝粒细胞（GCS）具有许多功能，并且是卵泡发生和卵泡的基础，释放激素并直接与卵母细胞连通。 GCS的长期体外培养显示出显着的干燥特性。在目前的研究中，在长期体外培养的1,7,15和30天收集人卵巢颗粒细胞的RNA。理解GCS对不同细胞谱系的分化过程，以及这些机制的潜在的分子途径是揭示这种细胞的其他可能茎标记的基础。鉴定GC塑性的新标记可能有助于了解各种疾病和健康状况的嗜睡和复发，并揭示卵巢组织细胞的可能临床应用，不仅影响生殖能力，而且影响性激素生产。颗粒细胞是本研究的主题，因为在体外施肥过程中剩下的残留物并在培养上表现出显着的干燥性特征，它们易于作为残留物质。通过一系列分子和生物信息分析研究基因表达的变化。使用表达微阵列，允许鉴定特异性细胞途径的典型基因组。该候选基因研究侧重于与肌肉细胞形态发生，结构，发育和分化相关的本体组织，即“肌肉细胞发育”，“肌肉细胞分化”，“肌肉收缩”，“肌肉器官发展”，“肌肉器官形态发生” ，“肌肉结构发展”，“肌肉系统过程”和“肌肉组织发育”。结果表明，10个最上调的基因是角蛋白19，催产素受体，结缔组织生长因子，奈良菌素，富含甘氨酸富含蛋白质3，Caveolin 1，肌动蛋白，激活转录因子3和冠状阴性素，而且10下调10个下降组成，前列腺素 - 内甲醇合成酶2，转化生长因子，白细胞介素，胶原，5-羟基对素，白细胞介素4，磷酸二酯酶，无翼型MMTV集成位点系列和Sry-Box 9.此外，超微部观察显示了异质性研究中提出了颗粒细胞群。鉴定至少两个形态学上不同的亚步骤：大，浅色和小，细胞较深的细胞。属于提到的本体类别组的基因的表达表明GCS对肌肉谱系分化和增殖的潜力能力，显示出肌肉再生和对不同疾病的治疗可能的应用。

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