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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering >Dam Safety Problems Related to Seepage
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Dam Safety Problems Related to Seepage

机译：与渗漏有关的大坝安全问题

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Dangerous occurrences affecting dams take multiple forms, but seepage causedcases are the most numerous. Some of the cases are related to the geology of thefoundation and the magnitude and type of discontinuities in the rock mass of thedam. Other are mainly due to of construction material in earth fill dams. Seepageoccurs in all earth fill dams regardless of its materials, and seepage water candaylight at the downstream face causing erosion, piping and sloughing andinstability; unless certain measures are taken. Instability can be controlled mainlyby adding, filter material zones at the contacts with the clay core, chimney filterdrain at the downstream part of the dam, filter zone or bench at the toe together withthe drainage blanket under the downstream part of the dam. Seepage within the damis enhanced by cracks which may result from uneven settlement of the dam due todifferent elastic behavior of the foundation materials, hydraulic fracturing, anddifferential settlement of parts of the dam or due to ground shaking in earthquakes.Preferential seepage paths can develop in such cracks, especially if the fill materialis dispersive or suffusive. Similarly, such paths may develop along the contactsurfaces of conduits installed under dams as outlet structures due to the low degreeof compaction as a result of narrow trench dimensions. Using properly designedfilter and drainages can reduce seepage quantities and the erosive force whichcauses internal erosion. In dam’s foundation grout curtains or other type of cutoffscan reduce the hydraulic head and hence uplift under the dam and hinder seepage.Drainage, however, remains as the most efficient method in controlling this upliftin artesian conditions under dams, especially under concrete gravity dams.Generally, such drainage may take the form of drainage blanket and use of filtersmaterial.
机译：影响水坝的危险出现采用多种形式，但渗漏的是最多的。一些病例与TheDam岩石质量中不连续性的地质和不连续性的幅度和类型有关。其他主要是由于地球填充水坝的建筑材料。无论其材料如何，所有地球填充水坝的渗流会填充水坝，并在下游脸上渗流水烛光导致侵蚀，管道和剥离和稳定性;除非采取某些措施。可以控制不稳定，在粘土芯的触点上加入，滤光器材料区，在坝的下游部分，脚趾的下游部分，脚趾的卧间和坝下游部分下的排水毯。在Damis内通过裂缝增强了漏洞，这可能是由于基础材料的基础材料，液压压裂，且由于地震地面摇动的地面摇动的液压压裂，且变化沉降而导致的大坝的不均匀弹性行为引起。精选渗流路径可以在这样的过程中发展裂缝，特别是如果填充物质分散或患有疑妥。类似地，这种路径可以沿着在坝下安装的导管的接触套件而导致由于窄沟槽尺寸的低级压实而导致的出口结构。使用正确设计的漂亮和排水可以减少渗流量和侵蚀力，可以为内部侵蚀。在大坝的基础灌浆窗帘或其他类型的切断窗口中减少了液压头，因此在大坝下隆起，妨碍渗漏。然而，德拉塞特仍然是控制坝下这种上升艺术条件的最有效的方法，特别是在混凝土重力坝下。生物，这种排水可以采用排水毯的形式和使用过滤材料。

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