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Genomic characterization of three novel Basilisk-like phages infecting Bacillus anthracis

机译：三种新型促碱性噬菌体感染芽孢杆菌的基因组特征

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In the present study, we sequenced the complete genomes of three novel bacteriophages v_B-Bak1, v_B-Bak6, v_B-Bak10 previously isolated from historical anthrax burial sites in the South Caucasus country of Georgia. We report here major trends in the molecular evolution of these phages, which we designate as "Basilisk-Like-Phages" (BLPs), and illustrate patterns in their evolution, genomic plasticity and core genome architecture. Comparative whole genome sequence analysis revealed a close evolutionary relationship between our phages and two unclassified Bacillus cereus group phages, phage Basilisk, a broad host range phage (Grose JH et al., J Vir. 2014;88(20):11846-11860) and phage PBC4, a highly host-restricted phage and close relative of Basilisk (Na H. et al. FEMS Microbiol. letters. 2016;363(12)). Genome comparisons of phages v_B-Bak1, v_B-Bak6, and v_B-Bak10 revealed significant similarity in sequence, gene content, and synteny with both Basilisk and PBC4. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the three phages belong to the Siphoviridae family. In contrast to the broad host range of phage Basilisk and the single-strain specificity of PBC4, our three phages displayed host specificity for Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus species including Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracoides, and Bacillus megaterium were refractory to infection. Data reported here provide further insight into the shared genomic architecture, host range specificity, and molecular evolution of these rare B. cereus group phages. To date, the three phages represent the only known close relatives of the Basilisk and PBC4 phages and their shared genetic attributes and unique host specificity for B. anthracis provides additional insight into candidate host range determinants.
机译：在本研究中，我们用南高加索国家的历史炭疽墓地分离出来的三种新型噬菌体V_B-BAK1，V_B-BAK6，V_B-BAK10的完整基因组。我们在这里报告了这些噬菌体的分子演进的主要趋势，我们将其指定为“北极闹的噬菌体”（BLPS）（BLPS），并说明其演化中的模式，基因组可塑性和核心基因组结构。对比全基因组序列分析揭示了我们的噬菌体和两个未分类的芽孢杆菌组噬菌体，噬菌体碱碱（Groose Jh等人）之间的密切进化关系（Grose Jh等，J vir。2014; 88（20）：11846-11860）和噬菌体PBC4，高宿主限制的噬菌体和碱基的亲密相对（Na H.等人。有限公司微生物。字母。2016; 363（12））。噬菌体V_B-BAK1，V_B-BAK6和V_B-BAK10的基因组比较显示序列，基因含量和与BASILISK和PBC4的序列，基因含量和联合症的显着相似性。透射电子显微镜（TEM）证实了三个噬菌体属于西普韦氏藻家族。与PBC4的PBC4的噬菌体促碱基和单株特异性相比，我们的三个噬菌体显示了Bacillus炭疽病的宿主特异性。芽孢杆菌种类包括芽孢杆菌，枯草芽孢杆菌，芽孢杆菌，芽孢杆菌和芽孢杆菌剂是对感染的难治性。报告的数据在此提供进一步了解这些稀有B.培养群噬菌体的共享基因组结构，宿主范围特异性和分子演化。迄今为止，三个噬菌体代表了Basileisk和PBC4噬菌体的唯一已知的密友及其共享的遗传属性以及B.Nthracis的独特宿主特异性提供了候选宿主范围决定簇的额外洞察。

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