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Process evaluation in the field: global learnings from seven implementation research hypertension projects in low-and middle-income countries

机译：本领域的过程评估：七次实施中低收入国家的七次实施的全球学习

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Process evaluation is increasingly recognized as an important component of effective implementation research and yet, there has been surprisingly little work to understand what constitutes best practice. Researchers use different methodologies describing causal pathways and understanding barriers and facilitators to implementation of interventions in diverse contexts and settings. We report on challenges and lessons learned from undertaking process evaluation of seven hypertension intervention trials funded through the Global Alliance of Chronic Diseases (GACD). Preliminary data collected from the GACD hypertension teams in 2015 were used to inform a template for data collection. Case study themes included: (1) description of the intervention, (2) objectives of the process evaluation, (3) methods including theoretical basis, (4) main findings of the study and the process evaluation, (5) implications for the project, policy and research practice and (6) lessons for future process evaluations. The information was summarized and reported descriptively and narratively and key lessons were identified. The case studies were from low- and middle-income countries and Indigenous communities in Canada. They were implementation research projects with intervention arm. Six theoretical approaches were used but most comprised of mixed-methods approaches. Each of the process evaluations generated findings on whether interventions were implemented with fidelity, the extent of capacity building, contextual factors and the extent to which relationships between researchers and community impacted on intervention implementation. The most important learning was that although process evaluation is time consuming, it enhances understanding of factors affecting implementation of complex interventions. The research highlighted the need to initiate process evaluations early on in the project, to help guide design of the intervention; and the importance of effective communication between researchers responsible for trial implementation, process evaluation and outcome evaluation. This research demonstrates the important role of process evaluation in understanding implementation process of complex interventions. This can help to highlight a broad range of system requirements such as new policies and capacity building to support implementation. Process evaluation is crucial in understanding contextual factors that may impact intervention implementation which is important in considering whether or not the intervention can be translated to other contexts.
机译：过程评估越来越被认为是有效实施研究的重要组成部分，然而，令人惊讶的是，了解最佳实践的努力。研究人员使用不同的方法描述因果途径，了解障碍和促进者在不同环境和环境中实施干预措施。我们报告通过全球慢性病（GACD）资助的七种高血压干预试验的挑战和经验教训。 2015年从GACD高血压团队收集的初步数据被用来为数据收集通知模板。案例研究主题包括：（1）干预的描述，（2）过程评估的目标，（3）包括理论基础，（4）研究的主要结果和过程评估，（5）对项目的影响，政策和研究实践和（6）未来进程评估的课程。这些信息总结和报告了描述性和叙述性，并确定了关键课程。案例研究来自加拿大的低收入和中等收入国家和土着社区。他们是具有干预臂的实施研究项目。使用六种理论方法，但最多包括混合方法方法。每个过程评估都会产生关于干预措施是否以保真金，能力建设，情境因素的程度，研究人员和社区之间影响到干预实施的关系的调查结果。最重要的学习是，虽然过程评估是耗时的，但它提高了影响复杂干预措施实施的因素的理解。该研究强调了在项目早期启动过程评估的必要性，以帮助指导设计的设计;以及负责试行实施，过程评估和结果评估的研究人员之间有效沟通的重要性。该研究表明了过程评估在了解复杂干预措施的实施过程中的重要作用。这有助于突出各种系统要求，例如新的政策和能力建设以支持实现。过程评估对于了解可能影响干预实施的背景因素至关重要，这在考虑到干预是否可以转化为其他情况。

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